We reveal the existence of a previously unknown fault that generated the Mw 7.3 Flores Sea earthquake, which occurred on 14 December 2021, approximately 100 km to the north of Flores Island, in one of the most complex tectonic settings in Indonesia. We use a double-difference method to relocate the hypocenters of the mainshock and aftershocks, determine focal mechanisms using waveform inversion, and then analyze stress changes to estimate the fault type and stress transfer. Our relocated hypocenters show that this earthquake sequence ruptured on at least three segments: the source mechanism of the mainshock exhibits dextral strike-slip motion (strike N72°W and dip 78° NE) on a west–east-trending fault that we call the Kalaotoa fault, whereas rupture of the other two segments located to the west and east of the mainshock (striking west-northwest and southeast, respectively) may have been triggered by this earthquake. The Coulomb stress change imparted by the rupture of these segments on nearby faults is investigated, with a focus on regions that experience a stress increase with few associated aftershocks. Of particular interest are stress increases on the central back-arc thrust just north of Flores and the north–south-striking Selayar fault in the northwest of our study region, both of which may be at increased risk of failure as a result of this unusual earthquake sequence.

Penentuan lokasi hiposentrum gempa Bumi penting untuk dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat. Hal tersebut bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab terjadinya gempa Bumi tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan input parameter hiposentrum awal, serta waktu penjalaran gelombang P. Data ini diperoleh dari BMKG Earthquakes Repository. Kejadian gempa Bumi yang digunakan adalah kejadian gempa Bumi pada 9 Februari 2017 dengan magnitudo gempa Bumi (MLv) 4,6 dan 4,2 pada kedalaman 10 km. Posisi stasiun pencatat gempa juga digunakan dalam proses perhitungan. Data tersebut diinversi untuk mendapatkan posisi hiposentrum baru sebagai hasil dari perhitungannya. Selain itu, hasil dari perhitungan ini adalah lama pemrosesan yang akan dianalisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasil yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode grid search membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama dalam pemrosesan data dibandingkan metode Geiger karena iterasi Geiger cepat mendapatkan hasil optimum.

On February 17, 1996, at 05:59:30 UTC there was an Mw 8.1 earthquake. Besides, it caused a tsunami. This event occurred in the northern part of the Cendrawasih Bay, where the New Guinea Thrust segment had a relatively low average slip velocity. To obtain a finite fault, waveforms from a tele-station located 30-90 degrees are used. The far-field body wave equation is used and inverted by the Kikuchi-Kanamori algorithm. In addition to obtaining source parameters, this study also aims to determine the value of the rupture velocity that occurs during coseismic events. From this research was found that the rupture velocity (vr) was 2.5 km/s, which occurred at a depth of 13.7 km. The largest value of vector slip is 2.31 m, with an average slip value of 0.922 m. The dimension area of the fault has a size of 272 km × 110 km. The seismic moment obtained is 1.5 × 1021 Nm, which is equivalent to Mw 8.1. This study also found a variance of 0.2844 in the use of the P and SH wave components, which is the smallest variance from the use of the P, P and SH, and SH components in the Kikuchi-Kanamori Program.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: Prabotulinumtoxin A (PRA) is the newest type A botulinum toxin produced by wild-type Clostridium botulinum. Prabotulinumtoxin A has a higher purity level than onabotulinum toxin A, but the literature discussing it is still limited and requires more research on its effectiveness. AIM OF THE STUDY: This research aimed to examine the efficacy of Prabotulinumtoxin A on wrinkles in forehead, crow’s feet and glabellar. METHODOLOGY: This research was a pre- and post-test, multicenter study from 3 center in Indonesia. Subjects will be observed at week 0, week 2, week 4, week 8 and week 12. Injection of prabotulinumtoxin A (INIBOÒ, Covaltt, South Korea) was performed intramuscularly on forehead, crow's feet, and glabellar with a dose of 4 IU / 0.1 ml. The measurement uses a scoring from the Upper Face Rating Scale. Different statistical test with repeated measurement test was conducted to compare the results between observations. The statistical test uses a confidence level of 0.95 with an error rate (α) = 0.05. RESULTS: The results of this study showed that Prabotulinumtoxin A injection was effective in reducing wrinkles in the frontal, glabellar and crow's feet area, with a statistically significant difference between week 0 and week 12. CONCLUSION: Prabotulinumtoxin A products improve the condition of wrinkles with a fairly good level of satisfaction and efficacy. Observations of more than 12 weeks are needed to determine the duration of Prabotulinumtoxin A products.