Le système agroforestier à base d’anacardier est très dynamique mais fortement influencé par plusieurs facteurs sociaux dont l’importance varie d’une zone à une autre. Cependant, depuis leur mise en place, peu d’informations existent sur la situation de la ressource. L’objectif de cette étude est d’analyser la situation actuelle des plantations d’anacardiers dans les principales zones de production du Cameroun septentrional. Les données relatives aux caractéristiques socio-économiques des producteurs d’anacarde ont été collectées dans le Cameroun septentrional à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Il ressort de cette enquête que 98,04% des planteurs d’anacardier sont des hommes contre seulement 1,96% pour les femmes. Une proportion de 68,63% des enquêtés déclarent avoir des superficies de champs comprises entre 0 et 0,5 ha, seulement 3,922% ont 10 ha et plus. Les activités liées à la filière anacarde est rentable pour les enquêtés (90,2%). Le test ANOVA, des données dendrométriques révèle des différences significatives du diamètre au collet (P=0,000), du DHP (P=0,000001) et de la hauteur (P=0,000484) entre les différentes zones étudiées. Le test ANOVA ne révèle aucune différence significative (P=0,24) du recouvrement entre les zones. Toutefois, une valorisation de la filière par le gouvernement permettra aux producteurs d’améliorer considérablement leurs plantations et par conséquent, le niveau de revenu des producteurs.Mots clés : Caractéristique, culturale, producteur, anacarde, septentrional. English Title: Socio-economic characterization of the large cashew production basins (Anacardium Occidentale) and behavioral study of their populations in Northern CameroonThe cashew-based agroforestry system is very dynamic but strongly influenced by several social factors those importance varies from one area to another. However, since their establishment, few information exists on the situation of the resource. The objective of this study is to analyze the current situation of cashew plantations in the main production areas of northern Cameroon. Data relating to the socio-economic characteristics of cashew producers were collected in northern Cameroon using a questionnaire. This survey shows that 98.04% of cashew planters are men compared to only 1.96% for women. A proportion of 68.63% of the interviewed declared that they had areas of fields between 0 and 0.5 ha, only 3.922% had 10 ha and more. The activities linked to the cashew sector is profitable for the farmers (90.2%). The ANOVA test of dendrometry data, reveals significant differences in the diameter at the neck (P = 0.000), the DHP (P = 0.000001) and the height (P = 0.000484) between the different areas studied. The ANOVA test reveals no significant difference (P = 0.24) in the overlap between the zones. Taking these factors into account will allow sustainable management of the system. the government’s supply chain will allow producers to significantly improve their plantations and therefore the level of income generated of producers.Keywords: Characteristic, cultural, producers, cashew, Northern.
Intra-seasonal drought episodes during the life cycle of plant growth of sesame affect physiological quality of seeds harvested. For this purpose, in this study, we explored the following water treatments: W1 (Irrigation throughout the cycle, non-stress treatment), W2 (water stress at the vegetative growth phase), W3 (water stress at the flowering to early pod formation), W4 (water stress at the fruit maturation phase) and W5 (water stress in all phases); for their effect on germination capacity and seedling from the produced seeds of four sesame varieties (“SN 203”, “SN 403”, “SN 01-06” and “Ngong”). Such studies allowed evaluating the performance of the seeds harvested from the plants subjected to water stress availability during the different phenological phases of each variety. The produced seeds were evaluated by reduction rate (%) of germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, mean germination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, seedling emergence, seedling length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight. In general, sesame seeds from plants grown under water deficit display reduction in performance. In water stress at the fruit maturation phase (W4) and water stress in all phases (W5), the sesame varieties tested are more sensitive for both germination capacity and seedling and for seedling respectively; so that water limitation during these periods results in the production of seeds with reduction in performance more intense. Among the varieties tested, “SN 01-06” and “Ngong” were the most tolerant genotypes. These results will be used for extension of sesame and for genetic improvement program.
The sector faces many difficulties, in particular the mastery of the different varieties and the germination aptitudes by the planters. This study is therefore a contribution to the characterization of the diversity of cashew accessions in the northern zone of Cameroon as well as their germination performance. Physical characteristics such as: fruit weight, apple length, apple weight, nut weight and length, and seed coat color were assessed in this study.It appears that the morphological characteristics of the fruit vary according to production areas. Analysis of variance confirmed a significant difference in the morphological characteristics of cashew fruit between the four study areas (P-value <0.05), except the ratio of the weight apple and nut. The fruits of Ngaoundéré area have the best characteristics in terms of fruit weight (140.66 ± 14.24 g), length of head (75.11 ± 5.60 mm), the length of nuts (41, 63 ± 1.34 mm), apple weight (126.87 ± 13.99 mm) and nuts weight (13.78 ± 0.60 mm). The method of soaking nuts for 48 hours in plain water is a technique that provides a waiting time of 8 to 15 days before the start of germination, with a germination period of between 11-23 days and a germination rate of 90 to 100%. The results recorded showed a fairly good germination capacity of the seeds resulting from the various pretreatments. The mastery of these germination techniques is essential to improve the production of nurseries. RESUME L’anacardier occupe une place importante dans l’économie du Cameroun. La filière est confrontée cependant à un certain nombre de difficultés, notamment la méconnaissance des caractéristiques des différentes variétés par les producteurs. Cette étude est donc une contribution à la caractérisation des anacardiers présents dans la zone septentrionale du Cameroun. Les caractéristiques morphologiques (poids du fruit, longueur de la pomme, poids de la pomme, poids et longueur de la noix) ont été évaluées. Il ressort que ces caractéristiques varient en fonction des bassins de productions. L’analyse de variance atteste Madou et al., 2020 Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences (J.Anim.Plant Sci. ISSN 2071-7024) Vol.46 (2): 8212-8225 https://doi.org/10.35759/JAnmPlSci.v46-2.5 8213 une différence significative des caractéristiques morphologiques des fruits d’anacardes entre les quatre zones d’études (P-value<0,05), excepté le rapport entre le poids de la pomme et de la noix. Les fruits de la zone Ngaoundéré présentent les meilleures caractéristiques en termes du poids fruits (140,66 ± 14,24 g), de la longueur de pomme (75,11 ± 5,60 mm), de la longueur de noix (41,63 ± 1,34 mm), du poids de pomme (126,87 ± 13,99 mm) et du poids de noix (13,78 ± 0,60 mm). La méthode de trempage des noix pendant 48heurs dans de l’eau ordinaire est une technique qui permet d’obtenir une durée d’attente allant de 8 à 15 jours avant le début de la germination, avec un délai de germination variant entre 11 à 23 jours et un taux germination de 90 à 100%. Les résultats obtenus ont montré une assez bonne aptitude à la germination des semences issues des différents prétraitements. La connaissance de ces techniques est fondamentale pour tout programme d'amélioration de la production des pépinières.
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