Bangladesh – one of the most densely populated countries of the world— has plentiful water sources, but these sources are being polluted continuously. Both surface water and groundwater sources are contaminated with different contaminants like toxic trace metals, coliforms as well as other organic and inorganic pollutants. As most of the population uses these water sources, especially groundwater sources which contain an elevated amount of arsenic throughout the country; health risk regarding consuming water is very high. Death due to water-borne diseases is widespread in Bangladesh, particularly among children. Anthropogenic sources such as untreated industrial effluents, improper disposal of domestic waste, agricultural runoffs are the main contributors regarding water pollution. A total water pollution status of this country, as well as the sources of this severe condition, is crucial to evaluate public health risk. For this purpose, we reviewed hundreds of well recognized international and national journals, conference proceedings and other related documents to draw a complete picture of recent water pollution status and its impact on public health; also the sources of water pollution are identified.

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Waterproofness property of leather can be enhanced by modifying different steps involved in pre-tanning to finishing operations. In this study three sets of experiment were conducted where tanning and finishing techniques differed to analyze the improvement of the waterproofness property. Use of surfactants and hydrophilic agents were avoided to improve this property. Moreover, different waterproof fatliquors were used and changing of the finishes in each experiment was performed to improve and evaluate the waterproofness of leathers. Waterproofness and other physical characteristic properties were assessed following standard methods. Leather samples of experiment-3 where extensive finishing was done, showed the best result of waterproofness which is significantly higher than the minimum requirement of shoe upper leather. All other physical properties except water vapour permeability of leather samples of experiment-3 were excellent as compared to other experiments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) image of the leather sample was also analyzed.