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Every day, the BIM Methodology (Building Information Modeling) is getting closer to the companies and other members of the AEC sector (Architecture, Engineering and Construction), as well as to educational institutions that are starting to train new professionals on this matter. The roadmap set by the es.BIM Commission establishes the mandatory use of BIM for all public construction tenders as of December 17th, 2018 and for infrastructure tenders as of July 26th, 2019. The purpose of this paper is to make public and share the results of the research work concerning the state of implementation of BIM at different universities and Industrial Engineering Schools in Spain. However, are Spanish universities prepared for the challenge? Are teachers prepared for this? And what about the situation in Latin America? The study undertook a bibliographical review and analysis of publications addressing this topic, and talks given in specialized conferences. Different teaching experiences were analyzed and compared among several Spanish universities, and the problems encountered, the results obtained, future improvements and needs detected in relation to their implementation processes and procedures, have been taken into account.

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Background Acute toxicity (LD50) test provides an indication on the range of doses of a substance that could be toxic to the body systems. This study was aimed at determining the LD50 of different extracts of Bombax costatum stem bark and its effects on the histology of liver and kidneys in rats. Results Phytochemical screening of n-hexane, ethanol and chloroform extracts of B. costatum stem bark has revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoid, saponins, steroid, terpenes, anthraquinones and cardiac glycosides. No mortality was recorded after testing all the different extracts on rats. However, mild body weaknesses and pilo erection were observed in the first hour of extracts’ administration. No statistically significant differences was observed in most of the serum levels of kidney function biomarkers, although a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in bicarbonate and increase (p < 0.05) in urea, respectively, were observed in chloroform extract treated group when compared to control. Further, no marked differences (p > 0.05) were observed in hematological parameters as well as in the liver functions biomarkers in all the 3 extract exposed groups when compared to the control, except significant decrease (p < 0.05) of total bilirubin level in chloroform extract exposed rats. Finally, histological sections of the liver and kidneys showed no aberrations. Conclusions Since no mortality and serious clinical manifestation were recorded, it is suggestive that oral acute administration of n-hexane, chloroform and ethanol extracts of B. costatum is greater than 5000 mg/kg. Hence, the plant has high safety margin and can be used within the dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight.

Optical filters used specifically for special functions to block a particular wavelength or range of wavelength and transmit the rest of the spectrum have received research attention for the past few eras. Recently, optical filter based on multilayer coating are more focused due to potential to manipulate filter properties by changing layer thickness in order to apply in various fields. This Quarter wave stack (QWS) model design is one of the approaches to design optical filter such as edge filter. However, to obtain desire minimum specification need an optimization. Therefore, in this study aims to design optical edge filter based QWS model by optical matrix method in Octave software. In this design, MoS2 and Si are being choose for high (H) and low (L) refractive index materials respectively. The optimum twenty-four (24) number of layers are determined by calculating maximum transmittance obtained. The Rayleigh wavelength ( λex ) of 405 nm ,532 nm and 633 nm are selected and ‘glass|12HL|air’ configuration is set for the design simulation.  Then, the cut-on wavelength (λcut-on) and cut-off wavelength ((λcut-off) of successful designed optical edge filter are measured. The result shows that the cut-on wavelength of 408.11 nm, 536 nm and 640.25 nm with minimum effective transmission (MET) of 32.3%, 31.3% and 32% respectively are obtained. In conclusion, this present study shows the deviation between the calculated value and simulation of about 0.2 nm,1.7 nm and 1.15 nm for each λex of 405 nm, 532 nm and 633 nm is determined.  But for λcut-off, the value obtained are much higher than the calculated value. The MET of each filter is 32.3% ,31.3% and 32% for Rayleigh wavelength respectively.