Changes in phosphorus (P) fractions and their plant-availability and downward movement in two strongly P fixing acidic Andosols (Allophanic and Pumice Soils) under Pinus radiata plantations in New Zealand were studied 2 years after triple superphosphate (TSP) and a phosphate rock (BGPR, origin Ben Guerir, Morocco) application, each at four rates, to determine the fate and plant availability of fertilizer-derived P in these soils. The rate of increase of the concentrations of the P fractions was highest for NaOH-P i (inorganic P associated with Fe and Al oxides and allophane) when TSP was applied and highest for H 2 SO 4 -P i (predominantly calcium phosphates or apatite-type P minerals) when BGPR was applied. The largest pool of soil P, the NaOH-P o (labile organic P), was unaffected by the P fertilizer applications. The rate of NaOH-P i concentration increase was higher in the higher P fixing Allophanic Soil than in the Pumice Soil. Both types of fertilizers increased resin-P i (Inorganic P freely available to the plant) and Bray-2 P concentrations but only the TSP application increased Olsen P concentration. Phosphorus derived from TSP and BGPR applications moved down to 10-20 cm soil depth within 2 years of application in the Pumice Soil, but did not move below 10 cm depth in the higher P fixing and less porous Allophanic Soil. The fertilizers significantly increased needle P concentrations 2, 3 and 4 years after fertilizer application, but did not have any significant effect on tree growth.

This study was aimed to determine the fat content and the preferences of salted duck egg enriched with black and white pepper. The experimental was designed as completely randomized design with 2 factors. First factor was concentration of black and white pepper (10%, 15% and 20%), while the second factor was length of salting period which are 7 and 10 days. Fat content was determined by Soxhlet extraction method, and the product preferences was determined by using hedonic scale test. The preference test was done at white egg and yolk color, taste of saltiness, aroma and gritty texture. Results showed that, fat content of salted duck egg with pepper addition tend to decrease along with the duration of immersion. According to the preferences test, salted duck egg at 20% black and white pepper were mostly preferred at 10 and 7 days salting period, respectively.

The use of agro-industrial wastewater can reduce environmental pollution and emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. One of them is by utilizing its acidity to dissolve phosphate rock (PR) which is used for P fertilizer. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of agro-industrial wastewater and PR dosage for P availability and nutrient uptake by corn in ultisol soil. Split plot design was arranged with wastewater of tapioca and tofu as a main factor and dosage of PR after acidulation as a sub-plot. The results showed that wastewater had no effect on the available soil P, soil pH, N uptake, P uptake, and dry weights of corn plants, but PR dosage had a significant effect on available soil P, N uptake. There is an interaction between agro-industrial wastewater and PR dosage on the P availability. For acidulation with tofu wastewater, the PR dosage used is lower for the same soil P availability compared to tapioca wastewater. At high P dosages, acidulation PR with wastewater does not have a significant effect on soil P availability. Phosphorus and nitrogen uptake by corn increased with the application of 950 kg ha-1 acidulated PR.

Climate change has been affecting agricultural water resources dynamics spatially and temporally. This article presents analysis results of climate change impact on agricultural water availability in Cimanuk Watershed, Indonesia. STREAM was utilized to model agricultural water availability through FAO MOSAICC web application. Climate spatial data time-series were generated using 3 Global Climate Model (GCM), i.e.,: CanESM2, CNRM-CM5, and MPI-ESM-MR following two climate change scenarios of RCP4.5 and 8.5. Model inputs were split into three periods of 1981–2010 (historical), 2010–2039 (near-future), and 2040–2069 (far-future). Historical data model validation showed the efficiency coefficient of the observed and simulated discharge data ratio was 0.68. The results showed a decreasing volumetric water availability from all generated climate data and scenarios, identified by comparing the discharge normal distribution of the historical and future data periods. Whereas, trend analysis of RCP4.5 scenario showed increasing maximum discharge of Cimanuk river using CanESM2 and MPI-ESM-MR GCM’s data, with a Mann–Kendall coefficient of 3.23 and 3.57. These results indicate a different agricultural water balance status within the watershed area, particularly a “very critical” water balance in Indramayu and Majalengka, “critical” in Garut, and “close to critical” in Sumedang Regency.

Lampung is mostly occupied by marginal acid upland soils. However, applying of suitable technology innovations could improve the soybean productivity in this marginal land. Until now, only a few field studies have been conducted on the adaptability of new soybean varieties in acid upland soils of Lampung. Therefore, present study’s objectives were to compare the agronomic performance and the yield of three soybean varieties on an acid upland soil of South Lampung. As the treatments, the three soybean varieties were Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Dering 1. The research was set in a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The results showed that in general, based on the agronomic performance, the Anjasmoro variety was more adaptable compared with Grobogan and Dering 1 variety. This might be related to the number of effective nodules in the rooting system of Anjasmoro variety which was higher than that of Grobogan and Dering 1 varieties. In addition, the Anjasmoro variety had the highest yield as 2.60 t ha−1 than that of the Grobogan and Dering 1 varieties as 2.33 and 1.99 t ha−1, respectively.