The aim was to improve the processability and reduce the melt viscosity of well‐known nanocomposites based on polyamide 66 (PA66) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), while keeping the good electrical conductivity gained after the addition of CNT. Thus, a nanocomposite based on PA66 as the thermoplastic matrix and 3% of CNT was selected. At this composition, a percolated network is created and the material is electrically conductive. The approach followed was the addition of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) of two different lateral sizes to obtain a PA66 nanocomposite with hybrid filler: CNT/GNP. In addition, a third nanocomposite of PA66 with GNP only was prepared for comparison purposes. The rheological characterization determined that adding 1% of GNP of 2 μm particle size decreased the viscosity of the system by 87%. However, the electrical conductivity was diminished to some extent, from 10−5 to 10−9 S cm−1 approximately. The Cross rheology model described successfully the experimental rheological data. The CNT/GNP nanocomposite exhibited faster relaxations, almost four orders of magnitude, in comparison with the CNT nanocomposite but slower than the GNP nanocomposite. The nanoparticles improved the crystallization ability of PA66 acting as nucleating agents and increasing the PA66 crystallization temperature by almost 10 °C. Self‐nucleation experiments demonstrated a supernucleation feature of the hybrid filler. The nucleation efficiency was about 500%. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry
This paper is dedicated to out-of-plane waviness defect detection within composite materials by ultrasonic testing. We present here an in-house experimental database of ultrasonic data built on composite pieces with/without elaborated defects. Using this dataset, we have developed several defect detection methods using the C-scan representation, where the defect is clearly observable. We compare here the defect detection performance of unsupervised, classical machine learning methods and deep learning approaches. In particular, we have investigated the use of semantic segmentation networks that provides a classification of the data at the “pixel level”, hence at each C-scan measure. This technique is used to classify if a defect is detected, and to produce a precise localization of the defect within the material. The results we obtained with the various detection methods are compared, and we discuss the drawbacks and advantages of each method.
La cellulite orbitaire est une pathologie rare. Deux formes anatomo-cliniques sont à distinguer: une forme «bénigne» pré-septale et une forme «grave» rétro-septale. Le but de ce travail était d´analyser le profil épidémiologique, clinique, thérapeutique et pronostique des cellulites orbitaires dans un centre hospitalier de troisième ligne à Tunis, Tunisie. Nous avons mené une étude rétrospective incluant 109 patients hospitalisés pour cellulite orbitaire. Deux groupes ont été définis: le groupe cellulites rétro-septales incluant 42 patients (38,5%) et le groupe cellulites pré-septales comportant 67 patients (61,5%). La moyenne d´âge des patients était de 27,1 ± 34,8 ans. Le sexe ratio H/F était de 0,84 (45,9% des patients de sexe masculin). La sinusite aiguë était la porte d´entrée la plus fréquemment identifiée dans les cellulite rétro-septale (35,7%, n=15) alors que la dacryocystite aiguë était le point de départ le plus fréquent des cellulites pré-septales (23,9%, n=16). Le diabète, l´œil non fonctionnel et la prise préalable d´anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens étaient associés à la forme rétro-septale (p=0,007, p=0,022 et p=0,014 respectivement). Une antibiothérapie par voie générale a été instaurée dans tous les cas. Nous avons eu recours à un traitement chirurgical chez 10 malades (23,8%) du groupe cellulite rétro-septale et 5 patients (7,46%) du groupe cellulite pré-septale. Nous avons noté 9 cas de cécité (8,2%), un état de choc septique et un décès. Les facteurs de mauvais pronostic retenus étaient le délai de consultation ≥ 7 jours (ORa = 4,277, IC 95% = 2,504- 32,426, p=0,006) et le stade de Chandler > III (ORa = 7,009, IC 95% = 1,69-51,839, p = 0,029). En conclusion, dans les pays en voie de développement et notamment en Tunisie, les cellulites orbitaires menacent encore le pronostic visuel voire même vital des patients. Une prise en charge précoce à un stade débutant serait le meilleur garant d´une évolution favorable sans séquelles.
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