Background and objective: Thyroid cancer is a rare disease; it constitutes only 1% of all malignancies, usually presents as a thyroid nodule which is a very common affection. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological profile of thyroid carcinoma in a western Algeria region and to highlight the diagnosis means and treatment process of patients. Methods: Our epidemiological retrospective descriptive study has been performed at the level of surgery department of the university hospital of Sidi Bel Abbes region (western Algeria) from 2004 to 2013 using a database of patients with thyroid cancer. The medical records data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20.0). Results: A total of 78 patients were diagnosed with cancer of the thyroid (63 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 45.60 ± 15.71 years, ranging from 13 to 85 years old, and a sex ratio of 4.2. Through our investigation, the age and gender have been established as consistent risk factors for the disease. The characteristic of cancerous nodule were hypoechoic, solid and cold. Even the liquid and hot nodules can be malignant. The Levothyroxine and Carbimazole treatments were very effective for hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism respectively. Conclusion: The thyroid cancer is a public health problem, because of its alterable pathological mechanism that is why we should imply a therapeutic solution accorded to this pathology.

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