Devido à dimensão da produção mundial de abacaxi (Ananas comosus L.) e ao grande percentual de resíduos gerados em seu cultivo e processamento, várias pesquisas têm sido realizadas para a recuperação das enzimas presentes no abacaxi, como a bromelina. Bromelina é o nome genérico dado ao conjunto de endopeptidases oriundas dos membros pertencentes à família Bromeliacea, à qual pertence o abacaxi. Devido aos importantes papéis fisiológicos que desempenham, estas enzimas oferecem um amplo espectro de aplicações terapêuticas comprovadas. Este trabalho visa à purificação da bromelina a partir dos resíduos do abacaxi através de Sistemas Bifásicos Aquosos (SBAs) PEG/SAL utilizando (NH4)2SO4, CaCl2 e Fosfato de Potássio. Os resultados mostraram que não há formação de SBA utilizando o CaCl2 na faixa utilizada de seus constituintes. Contudo, os sistemas PEG/Fosfato e PEG/(NH4)2SO4 apresentaram excelentes resultados, recuperando a bromelina com fator de purificação de 7,4 e 10,7 vezes, respectivamente, e rendimentos acima de 80%.
Transformers in electric power systems are of great importance, with significant effects on the distribution of electric energy. The modeling of this machine, considering the various usable connections, requires a more detailed analysis for better results. Thus, the objective of this work is to propose a three-phase transformer model including the neutral in the admittance matrices, the ground impedance, taps settings and also the magnetizing branch.
The study of biomolecules and bioparticles has achieved great advances, thus increasing the productivity with upstream improvements. Nowadays, downstream processes are the bottleneck in the production of some biopharmaceuticals, a change from the previous years' scene. Current purification platforms will reach their physical limits at some point, creating the necessity for new approaches. This article reviews an alternative method for the extraction and purification of biomolecules/bioparticles denominated as
aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPSs)
. Biocompatibility and readiness to scale up are some of the characteristics of ATPSs and we also discuss its application in the biotechnology field.
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