Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis is used as analytical tool for volatile and complex mixture samples. Its effectivity and sensitivity to detect the analyte components make it applicable in a wide range of purposes. This technique can be used to conduct quantitative as well as qualitative analysis. Unfortunately, very few, if there are, of publications dedicate the research to give an explanatory report using a step-by-step approach on how to read and interpret the analysis result. Thus, this study is aimed to fulfill the gap on bridging the spectra data output of GC/MS measurement into the light of easy way reading and interpreting its spectra. The research method used both library spectra matching and a priory spectra interpretation on chosen compound samples. The general guideline and application are discussed.

Increasing pest population is the main cause of reduced crop yields and causes farmers to suffer heavy losses. The purpose of this study is to realize a tool that can help repel bird and mouse pests automatically. The prototype of this tool is controlled using the Arduino ATmega 2560 which will regulate the performance of sensors and servo motors as a mechanical system that pulls bells producing sound to repel birds and controls the buzzer to repel rice field pests. This tool works if the ultrasonic sensor or PIR sensor detects the presence of pests. The power source used is in the form of an accumulator with an output voltage of 12 volts, a servo motor as a motor driver for bells, and a buzzer to repel bird and mouse pests. The testing process carried out on this prototype shows that overall this tool can perform its functions properly.

As the huge consumption of rice worldwide, the amount of production waste also increases. The purpose of this study was to investigate rice husk utilization for briquettes solid fuel which has aroused a great concern in the last few decades and growing number of related publications. Therefore, a bibliometric analysis of these publications may provide a direction of novel topics and prospective research trends. The related global literatures published between 2012 and 2021 have been scanned from ScienceDirect collection database. “Biochar briquettes” and “rice husk briquettes” are used as the keywords. VOSviewer is applied to perform the bibliometric analysis of these articles. In the same time, literature review has been done to analyze the research trends on rice husk-based briquetting.  Totally 400 publications on the topic of biochar briquettes were identified and “biomass” with a total link strength of 90 appeared as the most frequent keywords.