Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) merupakan salah satu komplikasi makrovaskular diabetes melitus tipe 2 (DMT2) yang dikaitkan dengan peningkatan risiko mortalitas kardiovaskular. Pemeriksaan ankle-brachial index (ABI) merupakan salah satu pemeriksaan yang sederhana dan mudah dilakukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis PAD. Oleh karena itu, penulis ingin mengetahui tingkat mortalitas kardiovaskular pasien DMT2 dengan PAD. Dari hasil penelusuran literatur, didapatkan tujuh literatur. Studi Bundo dkk melaporkan hasil HR 2,45 (interval kepercayaan [IK] 95%: 0,84-7,17). Studi Mostaza dkk melaporkan hasil HR 1,64 (IK 95%: 0,64-4,49). Studi Aboyans dkk melaporkan hasil HR 2,21 (IK 95%: 1,16-4,22). Studi Mohammedi dkk melaporkan hasil HR 1,35 (IK 95%: 1,15-1,60). Studi Quiles dkk melaporkan hasil HR 6,61 (IK 95%: 2,47-17,72). Studi Mueller dkk melaporkan hasil  RR 3,53 (IK 95%: 1,80-6,91). Studi lanjutan Mueller dkk melaporkan hasil  RR 4,06 (IK 95%: 2,67-6,18). Dari hasil studi tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pasien DMT2 yang disertai dengan PAD akan meningkatkan mortalitas kardiovaskular, serta nilai ABI dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen stratifikasi independen mortalitas kardiovaskularKata Kunci:Ankle brachial index, diabetes melitus tipe 2, mortalitas kardiovaskular, penyakit arteri perifer Peripheral Arterial disease and Cardiovascular Mortality in Type-2 Diabetes MellitusPeripheral arterial disease (PAD) is one of the macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which increases the risk of cardiovascular mortality. Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is one of the simple and widely available tool to diagnose PAD. The authors aim to find out the cardiovascular mortality in T2DM patient with PAD. Bundo et al. study found HR 2.45 (95% CI: 0.84 to 7.17). Mostaza et al. study reported HR 1.64 (95% CI: 0.64 to 4.49). Aboyans et al. study declared HR 2.21 (95% CI: 1.16 to 4.22). Mohammedi K et al. claimed HR 1.35 (95% CI: 1.15 to 1.60). Quiles et al. found HR 6.61 (95% CI: 2.47 to 17.72). Mueller et al. study reported  RR 3,53 (95% CI: 1.80 to 6.91). Mueller et al. study reported  RR 4,06 ( 95% CI: 2.67 to 6.18).  In conclusion, the mortality risk in T2DM patients with PAD is higher compared to those without PAD. Moreover, an ankle-brachial index can be used as an independent stratification tool to predict the risk of cardiovascular mortality

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a lethal disease associated with poor prognosis. CA 19-9 is one of the elevated tumor markers in pancreatic cancer. However, data regarding CA 19-9 serum levels in pancreatic cancer in Indonesia is still scarce. This study aims to evaluate the clinical use of CA 19-9 in pancreatic cancer patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital.Method: This study is a cross-sectional study that served data of demographic information, CA 19-9 level, TNM stage, site, histopathology, and resectability of pancreatic cancer. This study included 77 subjects. The data were collected from electronic medical records and registered data of patients in the Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Central General Hospital, Jakarta between 2014 to 2019. Sensitivity and specificity analysis of CA 19-9 were performed using the ROC curve.Results: We found 77 pancreatic cancer patients with a mean age of 54.2+10.4 years old. Most of them were males (59,7%), were found at stadium IV (41,6%) and unresectable tumor (68,8%). Non-adenocarcinoma which was mainly found in the head of the pancreas (76,6%) were confirmed in 67,5% of patients. The sensitivity and specificity of CA-19 9 to diagnose adenocarcinoma pancreas were 32% and 62% (p=0.939).Conclusion: CA 19-9 should be used in aiding diagnosis, in conjunction with other modalities, such as radiological procedures and histopathology results. Measuring serum CA19-9 level in the early diagnosis could guide clinicians in determining the treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.