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Sphenocentrum jollyanum (SJ) is widely used traditionally in the management of various ailments. Information on its anti-allergy property and possible modes of action is scanty in the literature. Thus, this study was aimed at evaluating the anti-allergic potential of crude and secondary metabolites (Tannins, Saponins, Flavonoids and Alkaloids) of S.J fruit extracts. Aqueous, ethanol extracts and the secondary metabolites were extracted using standard techniques. Inhibitory effect of the extracts on erythrocytes membrane stabilization, trypsin and lipoxygenase (in vitro) were used to assess anti-inflammatory properties, while extract with the most potent anti-inflammatory activity was used to assess the anti-allergy property of the fruit in milk induced eosinophilia and leukocytosis mice. Result of the study revealed that the aqueous extract has highest percentage yield (38.00g), while saponins (10.20%), alkaloids (8.51%) and tannins (6.70%) are the predominant phytochemicals. The ethanol extract of the fruit demonstrated significant (p<0.05) high dose dependent erythrocytes membrane stabilization (IC50=263±12.44μg/ml), trypsin inhibition (IC50=770±6.33μg/ml) and anti-lipoxygenase activities (IC50=583±6.80μg/ml) when compared with the secondary metabolites, but significantly (p<0.05) lower than the standard drugs (Diclofenac and Indomethacin). The saponins extract demonstrated highest anti-inflammatory activity when compared with other secondary metabolites. The significant (p<0.05) dose dependent reduction in the eosinophils and lymphocytes counts in the ethanol fruit extract of SJ treated milk induced eosinophilia and leucocytosis Wistar mice suggested anti-allergy property of Sphenocentrum jollyanum fruit extract. Although, membrane stabilization effect of the tannin in the fruit may play a dominant role, the anti-allergy effect may involve multiple mechanisms due to phytochemicals interactions.

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This study evaluated the acute and subacute toxicity effects of Bridelia ferrugelia leaf extract. Observation of the acute group showed that LD50 of the extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. The subacute investigation was determined by administering 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the methanolic leaf extract to male Wistar rats for 28 days with distilled water as a control. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as lipid levels of vital organs, were examined. Toxicological evaluation of the extract did not produce any significant change in haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. In addition, blood lipids levels were not significantly affected, while dyslipidaemia effect observed in some vital organs were found to be nonlipotoxic. Administration of Bridelia ferrugelia at a dose of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days resulted in reduction of cardiac cholesterol level by 37.16%, 39.36% and 17.64% respectively, reduction of pulmonary cholesterol by 22.17%, 28.08% and 6.24 % respectively and dose-dependent decrease in pulmonary triglyceride level by 16.17, 29.14 and 54.25% respectively. This study indicates that Bridelia ferrugelia extract administered at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg did not show any toxic effect on the parameters investigated in rats. Thus, the extract can be considered safe when administered orally

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