Intelligent data handling techniques are beneficial for users; to store, process, analyze and access the vast amount of information produced by electronic and automated devices. The leading approach is to use recommender systems (RS) to extract relevant information from the vast amount of knowledge. However, early recommender systems emerged without the cognizance to contextualize information regarding users' recommendations. Considering the historical methodological limitations, Context-Aware Recommender Systems (CARS) are now deployed, which leverage contextual information in addition to the classical two-dimensional search processes, providing better-personalized user recommendations. This paper presents a review of recent developmental processes as a fountainhead for the research of a context-aware recommender system. This work contributes by taking an integrated approach to the complete CARS developmental process, unlike other review papers, which only address a specific aspect of the CARS process. First, an in-depth review is presented pertaining to the state-of-the-art and classified literature, considering the domain of the application models, filters, extraction and evaluation approaches. Second, viewpoints are presented relating to the extraction of literature with analysis on the merit and demerit of each, and the evolving processes between them. Finally, the outstanding challenges and opportunities for future research directions are highlighted.

Understanding individual and contextual factors of happiness and life satisfaction in a lowand middle-income country setting are important in the study of subjective well-being. This study aims to examine individual and contextual factors of happiness and life satisfaction in one of the happiest countries in the world: Indonesia. Data comes from the Indonesian Family Life Survey 2014 (N individual = 31,403; N household = 15,160; N district = 297). Results from a three-level ordered logit model show that factors of happiness and life satisfaction are beyond individual factors. Happiness and life satisfaction are also strongly associated with factors within an individual's household and at the district government level. Individuals living in households with better economic welfare are happier and more satisfy. Poor health and unemployment have a detrimental effect on happiness and life satisfaction. Individuals living in districts whose governments' better deliver public services are happier and more satisfy. In contrast, those living in areas with conflict and violence is less happy and satisfy. Individual religiosity and community social capital in the form of indigenous tradition benefit individual happiness and life satisfaction.

The effect of online social media use on individual mental health remains contested. This study examines the effect of online social media (Facebook, Twitter, and chat) on adult mental health in Indonesia. Instrumental variable analysis was used to address reverse causality issues. Data come from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) 2014, which polled 22,423 individuals age 20 years and older in 9,987 households and 297 districts in Indonesia. The findings show that social media use harms adult mental health; an increase of one standard deviation in adult use of social media is associated with 9% increase in CES-D score. The effect is robust with respect to an extensive set of individual, household, community and district covariates. The findings suggest that policies offering advice to wise use of online social media are needed to protect adults from the harmful effects of online social media on their mental health.

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Promoting the reform of teacher professional development (TPD) in the digital era using web-based learning (online and blended learning) appears to be a great innovation in improving teachers skills using technology through computers and Internet networks. Some research revealed that online learn-ing on TPD influences on improving teacher performance; however, the effect had no better results compared to traditional learning. Hence, this study evaluating the policy by examining the effects of web-based learning model, i.e., online and blended learning, and face to face approach on the scores achieved in teacher training. The study adopted the quasi-experimental design with pre-post non-equivalent group design of the intact teacher training program. The participants were 427,189 teachers covering all school levels in Indonesia. Findings suggest that the web-based learning model is more effective in teacher achievement than the f2f, while the female tends to be better than male. Hence, digital constraint is not an obstacle for the teacher in the web-based model. Interestingly, blended learning that emerged as a new trend in e-learning proved to be quite promising. These findings provide considerations for the development of a policy for an appropriate TPD model for teachers at different levels.