The population growth of a city from time to time experiences rapid development. This situation leads to socioeconomic and cultural changes and have an impact on their interactions with other cities and the surrounding area. The rise of economic growth in big cities has made the pace of city development faster, making housing demand higher. That way, land use is increasingly competitive. The problem then creates a slum area. The challenges and obstacles that will be faced in the effort to deal with slums are the unavailability of accurate data and information in each region, which can inform the slums that can be adequately handled. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to �ind out the governance of urban slums. The research used is descriptive qualitative and uses AHP Method. The results of the study reveal several slum typologies such as the concept of rigid environmental structuring, lack of drinking water supplies, etc. The research also discusses government practices, as well as prevention of slum areas in urban areas. This research concludes the need for accurate database and information in each region to deal with slum areas in the city, as well as accurate information about handling the slums.

The rapid development of industrial sectors, tourism, transportation, and ports, along with human settlement in coastal areas, leading to the deterioration of its environmental qualities. Hence, it requires a plan that able to balance between the development and the environmental conservation of the coastal area to achieve its sustainability, which is to consider the coastal carrying capacity. The purpose of this study is to create an alternative for spatial planning based on the carrying capacity for the space utilization for the sustainability of the coastal area. This study conducted using geographic information system (GIS) based on the land use data in 2008, 2012, and 2017 in the coastal area at Serang Regency, Indonesia. Based on the data, the significant changes shown in the industrial sector, seen from 17% in 2008 to 40% in 2017. The rapid development arises some problems that lead to environmental stress, such as the increase of industrial waste, a reclamation that potentially changes the land structure, as well as the seawater contamination in groundwater. Therefore, best alternative planning is to promote the development of natural tourism by utilizing the existing potential and at the same time conserving the environment quality.

The vulnerability is the sequence of condition that determines whether a hazard will cause disaster or not. The small islands are easily affected by the climate change effects. The small islands are particularly vulnerable to the projected of climate change effects. Harapan and Kelapa Islands is a small island in the Thousand Islands Region, DKI Jakarta Province. This study aims to analyze of climate change effects on social, economic, and environmental on small islands. This study using key indicators consist of social, economic, environment, and climate change. The methods applied in this research is GIS and system dynamics or called by spatial dynamics. The result showed that the area of study categorized as the vulnerable area to the climate change effects, this is due to the increasing sea level rise and rainfall, the growing population number and density, and the expanding built area. Therefore, the need for disaster mitigation and adaptation efforts on the climate change effects.