The genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6 in Malays is different from Chinese and Far Eastern races. They may be intermediate between East Asians and Caucasians in CYP2D6 activity. Further study in relation to the evolution of races and disease prevalence may help to identify the contributions of the polymorphism in alleged susceptibility to diseases apart from delineating its contributions to ethnic differences in the pharmacology of CYP2D6 drugs.

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The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of music and music-video on core affect during and immediately after stationary cycling at the lactate threshold. A randomized, fully counterbalanced, crossover design with three conditions (music, music-video, and a no-music-video control) was adopted. Twenty-four participants exercised at lactate threshold while exposed to music, music-video, and control conditions. Affective valence and perceived activation were assessed every 2 min during a 20-min exercise bout and every 5 min post exercise over a 20-min period. Results indicated that there was a significant condition x time interaction for affective valence. The music-video condition elicited the highest levels of affective valence followed by the music condition and control. There was a main effect of condition for affective valence, wherein the experimental conditions facilitated significantly higher affective valence than control. Significant main effects of time emerged for both affective valence and perceived activation. Regardless of condition, affective valence decreased during the exercise bout and increased immediately post exercise. Conversely, perceived activation increased during exercise and decreased immediately post exercise. The present findings indicate that music and music-video can enhance core affect during exercise at the lactate threshold and the implications for exercise adherence are expounded.

Cavernous sinus thrombosis (CST) is an ocular emergency because of its devastating effect and it is prone to cause serious complications. Diagnosis of cavernous sinus thrombosis is a challenging task despite medical advancement. Efforts to promptly diagnose and initiate treatment require a high index of suspicion and a deep understanding of the disease. Unfortunately, patients suffering from CST may not always present with typical symptoms, thus making diagnosis all the more challenging. We would like to describe a 22-year-old man who presented with atypical symptoms and radiological presentations of CST. The patient was admitted and treated in our institution with full recovery demonstrated after the treatment.