Phytochemical analysis and antimicrobial activities of the aqueous ethanolic extract of Saccharum officinarum were carried out. The antimicrobial activity was screened by disc diffusion method while the analysis of the different phytochemicals was carried out using standard methods. The result showed that the extract had inhibitory effects on the gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The effect of the extract was minimal on Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive bacteria suggesting some degree of resistance by the organism. The result of the phytochemical screening showed that extract contains saponins, tannins, flavonoids and reducing sugars. The findings show that the plant bark extract has bactericidal activity and could be used in the control and treatment of bacterial infection especially the gram negative bacteria.

Phytochemical and antimicrobial analysis were carried out on the leaves, stem and bark extracts of Cola gigantea. The Phytochemicals present in the plant were Flavonoid, Tannins, Alkaloid, Cardiac glycoside, Steroids, Terpenoids and phenol. Flavonoid, Alkaloid and steroids were present in high amount in the plant than the other phytochemicals. For antimicrobial screening, the well-in-agar diffusion method was employed and the various zones of inhibition produced by the extract of the various plant parts on Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans were observed and recorded in millimeters (mm). The leaves of the plant had highest antimicrobial activities on Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus, while the stem had highest antimicrobial activity on Candida albicans. The observed antimicrobial activity of the extract suggests its potential use in the treatment of diseases produced by the various test pathogenic microorganisms.