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Video watermarking is an essential method employed to invisibly and reliably incorporate information into digital videos. Its primary purposes include copyright protection, content authentication, and ownership verification. With the increasing prevalence of digital media and the ease of video sharing online, safeguarding intellectual property rights and ensuring video content integrity have become crucial. Video watermarking is an essential method employed to invisibly and reliably incorporate information into digital videos. Its primary purposes include copyright protection, content authentication, and ownership verification. With the increasing prevalence of digital media and the ease of video sharing online, safeguarding intellectual property rights and ensuring video content integrity have become crucial. Robustness is a crucial aspect of video watermarking, as watermarked videos may be subjected to various attacks or modifications. Robust video watermarking techniques employ error correction codes, spread spectrum modulation, or cryptographic algorithms to ensure the resilience of watermarks against attacks such as compression, filtering, and geometric transformations. Various aspects and performance characteristics must be taken into account while developing an algorithm. It is necessary to evaluate performance indicators like NCC, PSNR, BER, WER, SSIM, VIFP, VMAF, and many more.

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