Economic policies related to energy and the environment are found uncertain in developing economies. Renewable energy sources are gradually increasing in energy structure (ES) with the adoption of environment-related technologies (ERT). However, least attention is paid to investigating the nexus of economic policy uncertainty (EPU), ERT, ES, and ecological footprint (EF). Therefore, this study is an effort to examine the EPU, ERT, ES, and interaction of EPU and ERT on EF for BRICS economies under the umbrella of the STIRPAT model. By using the data from 1992 to 2020, findings are estimated through "cross-sectional dependence (CD test); CIPS and CADF unit root test; Westerlund's co-integration; and CS-ARDL, AMG, and CCEMG." Findings unveiled the negative role of EPU on EF. Furthermore, the role of RE and ERT is positive and substantial in decreasing the environmental degradation in BRICS. Therefore, the BRICS economies are suggested to be consistent on economic policies to catch the positive impact of ERT. Findings are robust to the policy implications.
The concept of Islamic banking (IB) in Pakistan traces its roots back to late 70s. Since its inception it has had its fair share of growth. The IB industry, despite its growth during the last few years, has not fully nurtured and its share in banking industry is moderate 6.4%. This study explores the view point of bank employees of Gujranwala Division Pakistan regarding this statistics. By using a sample of 126 respondents, comprising Islamic bank employees (IBE) and conventional bank employees (CBE) to investigate the factors responsible for low market share of Islamic banking in banking industry. Our findings indicate that according to over all sample small network of branches, inadequate info about Islamic banking services, ignorance to teachings of Islam, trust deficiency towards Interest free banking and location of banks as the main reason for mere rise of Islamic banking. The factors change if we divide our sample in subsamples of IBE and CBE. Although considerable work in this area has been done in world and Pakistan is no exception to this however, the focus of majority of research Asian Journal of Finance & Accounting ISSN 1946-052X 2011 www.macrothink.org/ajfa 57 is on the customers view point. This paper explores the roots of modest share of IB from bank employees' angle.
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