Three 1,2,4-triazole derivatives B, D, and E were evaluated their effect on the activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in vivo serum and liver injury in mice that exposed to thioacetamide. Male rats of the present experiment were randomly divided into six equal groups. First group (C-) the animals were received normal saline as a negative control. Other five groups: C+ and T1-T4 exposed to oxidative stress by thioacetamide 100 mg/kg. The four animals' groups T1, T2, T3 and T4 were received thioacetamide 100 mg/kg and treated orally with 0.21 mg/kg daily with ascorbic acid (A), compound B, compound D and compound E, respectively. The experiment was carried out for eight weeks. The results indicated that the tested compounds exhibited remarkable antioxidant activity. The highest activity of SOD enzyme values was recorded of compound D 2665 IU/L compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant agent 1657 IU/L. On the other-hand the increasing in the activity of GPX enzyme value was recorded after administration of compound D 2010 IU/L compared to ascorbic acid as a reference antioxidant agent 1682 IU/L at the same conditions. Significant differences in the responses of antioxidant enzymes to the different types of tested compounds were probably due to by the variant number and site of functional group in structure of studied compounds. The results suggested that alteration in enzymes activities may be applicable to the capacity of the liver and other inspected organs to cope with oxidative stress poisoned thioacetamide. The results of current study concluded that compounds B and D appeared clear improvement in scavenging activity to modulate toxicity of thioacetamide and regeneration of hepatocyte as well as normalized body function. Altogether, the results that were obtained from the present study could lead to design of new potent molecules via development of them in future studies.

Obesity is a chronic disease renowned as a global epidemic. Prevalence of obesity proceeded as highly elevated to almost two-thirds of the world population, including Iraq. One of the major reasons of overweight and obesity is increasing food intake. Obese people are often suffering from chronic inflammatory state due to a variation in immune efficiency in the adipose tissue. Our research aims to assess the ferritin and hepcidin level in obese women with and without hypertensive. Eighty of obese women were participants as volunteers, as well as, 40 subjects as healthy control. Based on Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist Circumference (WC), Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR) and Waist to Hip Ratio (WHpR). Participants were divided into two categories, the: first with BMI ≥ 18.5-25 kg/m2 as non-obese (control) and the, second with BMI ≥ 30kg/m2 as obese subjects. The studied parameters showed the following results: A significant elevation in TG, LDL, VLDL, glucose, AST, ALT, calcium, Creatinine, Uric acid, Urea, ferritin and hepcidin in obese (for both obese women and hypertensive obese women) compared with control group, while a significant decrease was noticed in HDL level in obese group as compared with control group. This study improved that ferritin and hepcidin can be considered as good markers to monitoring obesity, showing a high increase with increasing BMI.

Objectives This study includes the investigation of hypnotic and sedative effect of new generation agent synthesis from parent clonazepam and evaluates adverse effect on the reproductive system and an attempt to improve hypnotic effect and lower toxicity. Methods Sixteen male mice were randomly divided into four groups. The first day of treatment with single dose of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneal (IP) hypnotic effect then analgesic state was recorded in the 4th day of first week only after given 30 mg/kg orally, and then the experiment was persistent for 4 weeks to evaluate reproductive activity. Result The effect of diazepam on biochemical blood parameters showed that there is a slight increase in the WBC number of clonazepam group and 88 compound while there is no significant difference at the probability level 0.05 or 0.01, in 89 compound. RBC count in our result reveals a slight increase in 88 compound without significant difference than control. Our result shows significant increase in HB level in 88 compound to reach 13.18 ± 0.40 with no significant difference with control. PCV level reveals non-significant in all groups. Our results of the abnormal sperm morphology are shown after 4 weeks of the treatment. Conclusion clonazepam (T 1) and 88 compound (T 3) with high dose 50 mg/kg have good hypnotic action with complete muscle relaxant. In addition to all, agents have good analgesic effect but T 2 showed prominent result. Finally, clonazepam and its related agent 88, 89 compound reveal adverse effect on reproductive function but may be very slightly in 94 compound.