Measles is an eruptive and febrile disease that affects unvaccinated or under-vaccinated children, thus undermining the whowanted goal of elimination. Its diagnosis is most often clinical and facilitated by the appearance of a maculopapulus rash associated with at least one element of the naso-oculo-respiratory catarrh in a context of no vaccination. Favourable in the absence of complications, the disease is formidable in its malignant form especially when it occurs in an immune-depressed field especially by HIV. The only cost-effective measure to prevent this disease, in the absence of a contraindication, remains vaccination.