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a b s t r a c tThis paper reports the use of simulated annealing to design more efficient fuzzy logic systems to model problems with associated uncertainties. Simulated annealing is used within this work as a method for learning the best configurations of interval and general type-2 fuzzy logic systems to maximize their modeling ability. The combination of simulated annealing with these models is presented in the modeling of four benchmark problems including real-world problems. The type-2 fuzzy logic system models are compared in their ability to model uncertainties associated with these problems. Issues related to this combination between simulated annealing and fuzzy logic systems, including type-2 fuzzy logic systems, are discussed. The results demonstrate that learning the third dimension in type-2 fuzzy sets with a deterministic defuzzifier can add more capability to modeling than interval type-2 fuzzy logic systems. This finding can be seen as an important advance in type-2 fuzzy logic systems research and should increase the level of interest in the modeling applications of general type-2 fuzzy logic systems, despite their greater computational load.

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