We study the reaction of the CHF and JPY to macroeconomic surprises and changes in the broader market environment before and during the crisis using high-frequency data. Results show that the CHF and JPY are traditionally more sensitive to macroeconomic surprises than other currencies, reflecting the fact that macroeconomic surprises impact uncertainty and risk aversion. This link was further magnified during the crisis and could not be broken by the specific measures adopted by monetary authorities to limit the appreciation trend. We also find some evidence that, during the crisis, CHF and JPY responded more strongly to surprises generating an appreciation than to surprises leading to a depreciation. Additionally, both currencies also systematically respond to changes in the general market environment. This result is robust to the use of two measures of the market environment: VIX and on a novel index based on Bloomberg wires.
ZusammenfassungDie Superstars unter den Firmen dominieren die Wirtschaft. Sie sind überaus innovativ, besetzen als Erste den Markt und erzielen überdurchschnittlich hohe Gewinnspannen. Mit viel Knowhow und einer hoch qualifizierten, aber sehr kleinen Belegschaft dominieren sie die Branchen und erzielen den Löwenanteil der Wertschöpfung. Die gesamtwirtschaftliche Lohnquote fällt, wenn sich die Wertschöpfung von den übrigen Unternehmen mit höherer Lohnquote zu den Superstars mit geringem Lohnanteil verschiebt. Gerade in den innovativsten Branchen sind die Konzentrationstendenzen und der Rückgang der Lohnquote am stärksten. Die Wettbewerbspolitik ist neu gefordert, um den richtigen Ertrag der Innovation zu sichern, aber übermässige Gewinne durch Ausnutzung von Marktmacht zulasten der Konsumenten zu verhindern und den Zutritt neuer Anbieter zu erleichtern.David Autor, David Dorn, Lawrence F. Katz, Christina Patterson und John Van Reenen (2017), The Fall of the Labor Share and the Rise of Superstar Firms, NBER Working Paper No. 23396.
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