RESUMENEl cartílago articular es un tejido vulnerable a las lesiones de diferente etiología; siendo uno de los más afectados, el cartílago de la rodilla. Aunque la mayoría de los tratamientos convencionales reducen los síntomas, generalmente conducen a la formación de fibrocartílago; el cual, posee características diferentes a las del cartílago hialino de las articulaciones. Son pocas las aproximaciones terapéuticas que promueven el reemplazo del tejido dañado por cartílago hialino funcional; las más exitosas son las denominadas terapias avanzadas, que aplican células y productos de ingeniería de tejidos con el fin de estimular la regeneración del cartílago. La mayoría de ellas se basan en colocar soportes hechos con biomateriales de diferente origen, que sembrados o no con células exógenas o endógenas, reemplazan al cartílago dañado y promueven su regeneración. Este trabajo revisa algunas de las aproximaciones terapéuticas enfocadas en la regeneración del cartílago articular de rodilla; así como, los biomateriales más empleados en la elaboración de soportes para terapia celular e ingeniería de tejido cartilaginoso.Palabras clave: biomaterial, cartílago, lesiones de rodilla, ingeniería de tejidos. ABSTRACTThe articular cartilage is prone to suffer lesions of different etiology, being the articular cartilage lesions of the knee the most common. Although most conventional treatments reduce symptoms they lead to the production of fibrocartilage, which has different characteristics than the hyaline cartilage of the joint. There are few therapeutic approaches that promote the replacement of damaged tissue by functional hyaline cartilage. Among them are the so-called advanced therapies, which use cells and tissue engineering products to promote cartilage regeneration. Most of them are based on scaffolds made of different biomaterials, which seeded or not with endogenous or exogenous cells, can be used as cartilage artificial replacement to improve joint function. This paper reviews some therapeutic approaches focused on the regeneration of articular cartilage of the knee and the biomaterials used to develop scaffolds for cell therapy and tissue engineering of cartilage. ARTÍCULO DE REVISIÓNRev.
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