OBJECTIVETo evaluate the association between the level of implementation of the Brazilian Breastfeeding Network and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding.METHODSCross-sectional study of a representative sample of 916 infants < 6 months, in Ribeirao Preto, SP, Southeastern Brazil, in 2011. Data on breastfeeding, place of outpatient care and other characteristics were collected during the National Vaccination Campaign. The factor studied is where outpatient care took place: Private; Non-Network Public; Public with Network Workshop; and Public certified by Network. The individualized effect of the factor studied on the outcome was analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance.RESULTSThe comparison between private (reference category) and other outpatient care showed significant dose-response relationship with a progressive increase in the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in public non-Network, public with Network Workshop and public accredited by Network outpatient care (p = 0.047). As regards the Basic Health Units accredited by Network category, the Prevalence Ratio of exclusive breastfeeding was equal to 1.47 (95%CI 1.00;2.17), after adjustment for confounding variables.CONCLUSIONSThe prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding for infants < 6 months was higher in places accredited by the Brazilian Breastfeeding Network, which evinces the importance of investing in accreditation of Basic Units of Health by this strategy.

ResumoObjetivos: identificar os elementos protetores do leite materno que atuam na prevenção de doenças gastrintestinais e respiratórias. Fonte dos dados: a busca foi realizada nas bases de dados Bireme, Lilacs, Medline e Scielo, utilizando os descritores leite materno, doenças gastrintestinais e doenças respiratórias, com limites de idiomas (português, inglês e espanhol) e de período (1996 a 2009). Foram selecionados 46 textos por atenderem aos objetivos deste trabalho. Síntese dos dados: a IgA é imunoglobulina com maior capacidade protetora contra ambos os tipos de doenças, por sobreviver às mucosas intestinal e respiratória. O leite materno também possui outras imunoglobulinas, anticorpos, oligossacarídeos, lipídeos, peptídeos bioativos, entre outros constituintes exclusivos com mecanismos específicos que, além da proteção contra essas doenças, estimulam o desenvolvimento do sistema imune do lactente. Assim, nenhum outro leite possui essas propriedades e podem até ser a causa destas doenças. Campanhas e ações em Saúde Pública que incentivam o aleitamento materno devem ser continuamente desenvolvidas e estimuladas, considerando todos os benefícios que o mesmo proporciona. Palavras

OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the support offered by maternity hospitals is associated with higher prevalences of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding.METHODS This is a cross-sectional study including a representative sample of 916 infants less than six months who were born in maternity hospitals, in Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, 2011. The maternity hospitals were evaluated in relation to their fulfillment of the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding. Data were collected regarding breastfeeding patterns, the birth hospital and other characteristics. The individualized effect of the study factor on exclusive and predominant breastfeeding was analyzed using Poisson multiple regression with robust variance.RESULTS Predominant breastfeeding tended to be more prevalent when the number of fulfilled steps was higher (p of linear trend = 0.057). The step related to not offering artificial teats or pacifiers to breastfed infants and that related to encouraging the establishment of breastfeeding support groups were associated, respectively, to a higher prevalence of exclusive (PR = 1.26; 95%CI 1.04;1.54) and predominant breastfeeding (PR = 1.55; 95%CI 1.01;2.39), after an adjustment was performed for confounding variables.CONCLUSIONS We observed a positive association between support offered by maternity hospitals and prevalences of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding. These results can be useful to other locations with similar characteristics (cities with hospitals that fulfill the Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding) to provide incentive to breastfeeding, by means of promoting, protecting and supporting breastfeeding in maternity hospitals.