Sinonasal bacterial biofilms correlate to a T(H)1 skewed local but not systemic inflammatory response in CRS. This difference is abrogated by the use of oral steroids.

Obese patients and those with a Mallampati score of at least 2 posed a significantly higher risk of DLE. Preoperative identification of a potentially difficult airway may aid surgical planning and allow more effective communication with a collaborating anesthesiologist.

Primary cervical lymphocele should be included in the differential diagnosis of a solitary neck mass in an adult.

An appropriate clinical examination may help predict a difficult airway. However, further studies are warranted to fully characterize the anatomic predictors of a difficult laryngeal exposure.

Ecthyma gangrenosum is a rare necrotizing cutaneous infection usuall y caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We report a case of ecthyma gangrenosum presenting as a sinonasal eschar and mimicking acute invasivefungal sinusitis inan immunocompromised39-year-oldmanwith ahematologicmalignancy. To thebestofourknowledge, this represents thefirst case of ecthyma gangrenosum affecting the sinonasal mucosa to be repo rted in the literature.