Peatland degradation is caused by various factors, such as excessive drainage and frequent fires. The Government of Indonesia established the Peatland Restoration Agency in 2016 to accelerate peatland restoration and peat’s hydrological function. This study analyses agroforestry in priority areas for peat restoration. The results showed that farmers applied agroforestry cultivated land by combining jelutong (Dyera costulata) with many types of commercial plants at a spacing of 3 m × 6 m. Growth of Jelutong showed good performance with an average growth of 1.42 ± 0.49 cm yr−1 diameter and a height of 91.33 ± 36.77 cm yr−1. The crops cultivated with jelutong included luffa (Luffa acutangula), bitter gourd (Momordica charantia), leek (Allium ampeloprasum), and chilli (Capsicum annuum). The average income per planting period ranging from IDR 850,000 up to IDR 19,250,000 for a 1000 m2 planting area. The best income and cost ratio (R/C) is bitter gourd farming with a value of 7, eggplant, luffa, and waxy corn with a value of 3, while the smallest is leek with a value of 2. Some farmers can develop their agriculture in the form of planting areas or agricultural varieties. The formation of agricultural capital has now begun with monthly contribution obligations at regular monthly meetings.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of bio insecticide liquid formulations made from indigenous entomopathogens against paddy bugs nymphs. The study used a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design with 9 treatments and 1 control with five replications. The treatments studied consisted of E0: Control, E1: Beauveria sp Pky isolate + coconut water (CW), E2: Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt + AK, E3: Beauveria sp isolate Jts + CW, E4: Metarhizium sp isolate Lcc + CW, E5: Beauveria sp Pky isolate + shrimp shell extract (SSE), E6: Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt + SSE, E7: Beauveria sp isolate Jts + SSE, E8: Metarhizium sp isolate Lcc + SSE, E9: Synthetic insecticide b a Carbamate (Dharmabas 500 EC 2 ml L-1). The result showed that liquid bioinsecticide formulations were effective against mortality, infected nymphs and nymph death time. All entomopathogenic fungi isolates were able to cause infections in paddy bugs nymphs of 68% - 84%. Beauveria sp Pky isolate and Metarhizium sp isolate Jjt caused nymph mortality of 72% - 84% and the effectivity did not differ from insecticide b.a. Carbamate. Conidia viability of all entomopathogenic isolates in liquid media within 24 hours reached more than 80%. The fastest time to death of paddy bugs nymph occurred at 5.44 days ( Metarhizium sp. isolate) and 5.92 days (Beauveria sp. isolate) in coconut water media. Metarhizium sp. and Beauveria sp. in the medium of coconut water or shrimp shell extract has a very high potential to be developed as a bio insecticide, but it still needs to be further tested for its effectiveness in field conditions.Keywords: indigenous entomopathogen, coconut water, shrimp shell extract, paddy bugs nymph

Penyakit bercak daun alpukat (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) sangat merugikan, serangan penyakit terjadi pada daun, ranting, bunga dan buah hingga ke penyimpanan dan pemasaran.  Pengendalian penyakit tanaman yang bersifat ramah lingkungan dan aman bagi kesehatan dapat dilakukan menggunakan tumbuhan obat lokal, namun informasi penelitian tentang hal ini belum banyak.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk engetahui mengetahui efektivitas penghambatan tumbuhan obat lokal yang efektif menekan pertumbuhan jamur patogen C. gloeosporioides penyebab penyakit bercak daun tanaman alpukat secara in vitro.  Perlakuan terdiri dari 4 taraf konsentrasi ekstrak tumbuhan obat lokal yaitu: P0 (kontrol tanpa ekstrak), P1 (ekstrak pasak bumi 5%), P2 (ekstrak pasak bumi 10%), P3 (ekstrak pasak bumi 15%), P4 (ekstrak pasak bumi 20%), P5 (ekstrak akar kuning 5%), P6 (ekstrak akar kuning 10%), P7 (ekstrak akar kuning 15%), P8 (ekstrak akar kuning 20%), P9 (ekstrak umbi hati tanah 5%), P10 (ekstrak umbi hati tanah 10%), P11 (ekstrak umbi hati tanah 15%), P12 (ekstrak umbi hati tanah 20%), P13 (ekstrak umbi sarang semut 5%), P14 (ekstrak umbi sarang semut 10%), P15 (ekstrak umbi sarang semut 15%) dan P16 (ekstrak umbi sarang semut 20%).  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak akar pasak bumi pada taraf konsentrasi 20% sangat efektif menghambat pertumbuhan diameter koloni jamur C. gloeosporioides dengan efektivitas penghambatan 94.4%, dan efektif menghambat perkecambahan spora sebesar 6.81%.

This study was aimed to detect and identify seed-borne pathogenic fungi in six local rice varieties of Siam Unus, Karangdukuh, Mayang, Gumpal Kuning, Gumpal Putih, and Siam Arjuna in Kapuas Regency. In addition, the objective of this study was also to determine the effect of seed pathogens on the physiological quality and the percentage of infected seeds. The research location was at the Agricultural Cultivation Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Palangka Raya, and the study was carried out from September 2020 to February 2021. Seed health testing used the filter method (blotter test), isolation and identification of seed-borne pathogenic fungi using the agar method. The variables observed included macroscopic morphology of pathogens in petri dishes and microscopic evaluation using a compound microscope, seed germination, percentage of infected seeds, frequency of microorganism findings and pathogenicity tests on seed germination. Based on the results of the study, the identified pathogenic fungi carried by local varieties of rice seeds in Kapuas district were Aspergillus spp., A. flavus, A. niger, Curvularia sp. and Oidium sp., however these pathogens did not affect seed germination. The highest numbers of microorganisms observed on the agar method was Aspergillus spp. (37.5%), followed by Curvularia sp. (29%), whereas in the blotter test method the frequency of the fungus Curvularia sp. only 5.6%. The frequency of finding A. flavus and A. niger on the agar method was lower at 21.8%, while the fungus Oidium sp. was detected in very low percentage for only 0.9%. The pathogenic fungus Oidium sp. showed the highest level of pathogenicity in seeds reaching 21.7%, while the pathogenic A. niger, Curvularia sp. and A. flavus showed a lower infection rate, at 13.9% to 17.8% respectively. These pathogenic fungi might cause the seeds to not germinate normally such as leading to necrosis of the hypocotyl and plumules, stunted germination growth, and death of seed germination. Keywords: Detection, identification, seed-borne pathogens, local rice varieties, Kapuas