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Objective: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between the occurrence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) which is considered as the main pathogen responsible for the initiation and development of dental caries with blood groups and Rhesus (Rh) factor that are considered as a genetic predictor of having dental caries among healthy students. Methods: Saliva and blood samples were taken from 40 healthy students whose ages were between 19-23 years old in the College of Dentistry/Al-Iraqia University in Baghdad, Iraq. Estimation of the flow rate and pH was done for all the collected saliva samples within 5 min of saliva collection. Then, 100 µL of saliva was cultured on Mitis salivarius bacitracin agar (MSBA) at 37 °C for 48 h. The colonies of S. mutans were identified by their morphology and biochemical tests. Later, 1 to 2 drops of blood were taken from each student’s thumb to determine the blood group. Results: This study showed there was a greater prevalence of S. mutans among students of blood group A in contrast to the blood group O. In addition, Rh+ groups were dominant than Rh- groups among the study samples. Conclusion: S. mutans levels were higher in the blood group A followed by AB, B, O blood groups among the college students studied.

Background: Infertility is a problem in need for solution. Seminal fluid analysis is the first test that needs to be done to study the shape, count, and activity of sperm. Sperm have to move and reach the ovum to initiate fertilization. Many researchers and fertility doctors work hard for this purpose. The first studies clearly indicate that human sperm motility as well as velocity can be improved by laser irradiation Objective: The aim of our study was to combat infertility by enhancing sperm motility, and also to evaluate the role of laser activity in solving infertility problems. Materials and Methods: 50 semen samples were selected from infertile patients referred to the" High Institute for Infertility Diagnosis and ART, Al-Nahrain University", through the time span from December 2021 to April 2022. Standard seminal analysis was done to measure sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and agglutination according to WHO 2010 guidelines. Results: the present work found that the red laser exposure to the samples of asthenozoospermia for 10, 20, and 30 min resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of progressive sperm motility compared to before exposure. However, there was no significant difference in the morphologically normal sperm percentage compared to before the laser exposure. Conclusion: Sperm motility increased and motility quality showed an improvement in the treated samples, due to low level laser.

Background: Soft Laser has been advantageous in medical applications and is widely used in clinical practice. It is applied because it doesn't cause the significant thermal effects or tissue hurt when irradiated. The blood response to low power laser radiation provides information about processes of laser radiation interaction with live creatures. Objective: The aim of the current work was to evaluate the laser-induced changes of in vitro erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in patients with breast cancer by irradiating a human blood sample using a green laser and comparing its effects before and after irradiation with the same power density (100mW/cm 2 ) and wavelength (532nm) of laser light. Materials and methods: Fresh blood samples of 30 cancer breast females were collected in EDTA tubes and divided into four equal quantities; one as a control sample and the other three for irradiation with laser at various exposure time. The blood parameters were measured by automatic hematology analyzer and ESR values were measured by using a Westergren method. Results:The MCV values were increased, the MCHC values were decreased and the ESR values were decreased significantly with increased exposure time. Conclusion:The change in blood parameters at various irradiated times with different doses using Soft Lasers with a532nm wavelength for breast cancer patients, are helpful to explain decrease in the ESR values induced by Soft Laser in phototherapy and give information about how the laser interaction with biological tissues.