Objective: In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of this ethanol extract on the average number of goblet cells per crypt, number of inflammatory foci and number of angiogenesis in the rectal tissues of mice colitis-model that induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: This study was carried out by experimental in vivo using Balb/c mice. The mice were divided into five groups of treatment: normal, negative control (AOM/DSS), positive control (AOM/DSS+aspirin), EMD25 (AOM/DSS+25% ethanol extract) and EMD12.5 (AOM/DSS+12.5% ethanol extract). The mice were euthanized and their rectal tissues were placed on glass slides for histopathological observation using haematoxylin–eosin staining. Results: The administration of the ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves cannot inhibit the decrease in the average number of goblet cells per crypt (p=0.450) and cannot reduce the number of inflammation foci (p=0.146) and the number of angiogenesis (p=0.728). The ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves could not inhibit the inflammation induced by AOM/DSS in the rectal tissues of mice. However, the extract has a tendency to maintain the average number of goblet cells per crypt. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Mahkota Dewa leaves can inhibit inflammation in mice's rectal tissue.

Homicide by hanging is a rare incident and, in contrast to suicidal hanging cases, only limited number of homicidal hanging cases have been reported. This comprehensive review is conducted to summarize the published forensic pathology evidence in homicide by hanging. A systematic search in five journal databases resulted in 12 case reports. All articles passed the selection criteria and were appraised using JBI critical appraisal worksheet for case reports. Fourteen victims were reported which in most of the cases psychosocial background were reported. Household conflict was the common background. Reef knot was the majority knot being used. The autopsy findings vary in the studies, some of which reported intact larynx, thyroid, and hyoid cartilage. Only one case mentioned thyroid cartilage fracture. In addition to the ligature mark, other violence findings include bruises, abrasions, stab wounds, and sexual violence. Toxicological analysis was limited, only 3 case reports reported alcohol in the victim’s serum. There are no distinguishing features in the external or internal neck injuries attributable to homicidal hanging. A thorough autopsy and holistic approach should be considered. They are including demographic characteristics, location of the victim, social and psychiatric history, ligature’s characteristic, signs of violence and toxicological analysis.

Asthma is chronic inflammatory disease experienced mostly by children with prevalence of 4.5% in Indonesia. Asthma puts burden on sufferers because of the long duration of treatment. However, prolonged inhaled corticosteroids use in certain doses can cause side effects. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is metabolite of curcumin and has higher bioavailability than its precursor molecules. THC has been shown to significantly reduce leukocyte infiltration, as well as inhibit inflammation through IL-4Rα pathway and decrease GATA3 expression. The same effect is obtained from Cyanidine-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g). The anti-inflammatory effect of those combination can be used as alternative phytochemical therapy to treat asthma in children.

Ibu hamil rentan mengalami infeksi yang berujung sepsis akibat perubahan fisiologis signifikan berbagai sistem organ. Penyebab sepsis dalam kehamilan tersering bersumber dari saluran kemih, yang disebut urosepsis dengan tingkat mortalitas mencapai 20%–42%. Selain mengancam ibu hamil, sepsis juga berpotensi mengancam kesejahteraan janin. Oleh karena itu, diagnosis dan manajemen sepsis secara dini pada kehamilan sangatlah penting untuk mencegah morbiditas dan mortalitas janin dan ibu. Namun, panduan penatalaksanaan komprehensif sepsis pada kehamilan masih terbatas dan terpencar, sehingga membuat sulit dipahami. Tinjauan pustaka ini dibuat melalui penulusuran bukti ilmiah secara holistik untuk memberikan pemahaman mengenai konsep dasar urosepsis. Aspek diagnosis dan manajemen dirangkum secara komprehensif melalui ilustrasi dan algoritma yang mudah dipahami disertai dengan sistem skoring berkaitan dengan diagnosis dan pilihan terapi farmakologi untuk menangani urosepsis.   Pregnant women are susceptible to infections that lead to sepsis due to significant physiological changes in various organ systems. The most common cause of infection in sepsis in pregnancy comes from the urinary tract, called urosepsis, with a mortality rate of 20%–42%. Sepsis also has the potential to endanger the fetus. This issue indicates that early diagnosis and management of sepsis in pregnancy is crucial to prevent fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. Nonetheless, comprehensive guidelines for managing sepsis in pregnancy are still limited and scattered, making them difficult to understand. This literature review was created through a holistic appraisal of scientific evidence to understand the basic concepts of urosepsis. Aspects of diagnosis and management were summarised through illustrations and algorithms accompanied by scoring system related to diagnosis and pharmacological therapy.

Berdasarkan tanatologi, tubuh yang telah mati akan mengalami perubahan. Salah satunya adalah melalui proses penguraian (decomposition). Proses dekomposisi dapat bervariasi antar individu dan antar lingkungan. Terdapat old rule-of-thumb yang menyebutkan pembusukan di udara dua kali lebih cepat daripada di air, dan delapan kali lebih cepat daripada di tanah. Beberapa referensi mencoba menuliskan prinsip tersebut dalam rasio kecepatan pembusukan di tanah:air:udara adalah 1:2:8. Meskipun sama-sama disandarkan pada bunyi Casper’s dictum, terdapat perbedaan perbandingan rasio antara “durasi pembusukan” dan “laju pembusukan”. Oleh karena itu, tinjauan ini dibuat untuk menemukan pernyataan asli dari Casper’s dictum sebagai sumber rujukan rasio dan menjelaskan letak kesalahpahaman rasio perhitungan matematika berdasarkan pernyataan asli tersebut. Dari hasil penelusuran dan analisis didapatkan “durasi pembusukan” memiliki rasio 1:2:8 (udara:air:tanah). Sementara itu, “laju pembusukan” ternyata memiliki rasio yang belum pernah disebutkan dalam berbagai buku teks, yaitu 1:4:8 (tanah:air:udara).