In this research work, a four-dimensional tumor-immune response model is considered. The considered tumor model is a system of four differential equations consisting of four different cell populations (variables): the tumor cells (TCs), effector cells (ECs), helper tumor cells (HTCs), and Tregs. The interaction among these cell populations is represented by the system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The solution of the system is obtained by using the differential transformation method (DTM). DTM is a straightforward method and gives the series solution of the system. Numerical simulation and graphical analysis are also done by choosing four different initial conditions of the system. The solution series of a system for four different cases are obtained and finally compared with each other. The analysis shows that the model behavior is Chaotically dependent on initial conditions.

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Abstract:Environmental education is considered to be a continuous and lifelong process that can be learnt through formal or informal ways. The basic assumption behind introducing environmental education as a part of the formal education system from the early 1970s has been to change human knowledge, attitude and behaviour towards the environment through formal education. Against this assumption, the introduction of environmental education at the elementary level studies has been considered to be the beginning of formal environmental education to deal with environmental challenges facing by today's society. The present paper focuses on the effectiveness of environmental education provided at the elementary level studies in two of the fastest growing capital cities of South Asia: Delhi and Dhaka, which are currently facing tremendous challenges. A specially designed questionnaire has been used to collect data from both government and private elementary schools by applying a purposive sampling technique. The findings suggest that students' environmental knowledge is not adequately translated into environmental attitude and behaviour. There is thus a need to re-assess the designing of the course curricula and selection of the study methods and materials used for environmental education for the elementary level students to make environmental education more effective for the younger generations.

Objective: To determine the impact of leiomyoma in pregnant women a tertiary care set up in Hyderabad. Methods: This prospective observational study conducted at OPD of Gynecology unit-III, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Science Hyderabad, from June 2018 to December 2018. A total of 18,402 pregnant women of age 20-45 years were attended, out of which 195 had leiomyoma and they were asked to take part in study. Data regarding demographic characteristics including complications during pregnancy, and indications of caesarean section was collected via study proforma. Results: Total 186 out of 195 females were studied, their mean age was 31.23+3.12 years, average gestational age was 33.12+3.15 weeks and average size of Leiomyoma was 3.12+2.15cm. The most common complications were PPH among 28.49% of cases, blood transfusion was required in 39.25% of the cases, miscarriage occurred in 6.45% of the cases, cord prolapse was seen in 24.3% cases, placental abruption in 5.91% cases, placenta previa in 11.32% cases and retained placenta was observed among 1.61% of the cases. Preterm labour occurred in 5.38% of the cases and IUGR was seen in 10.22% of the cases. Out of all cases, 10 females underwent preterm delivery, while 12 underwent fetus delivery before 24 weeks (miscarriage). Among all term pregnancies, 78.66% underwent C-Section due to failure in progress, cord prolapsed, fibroid in lower segment, breech presentation and low-lying placenta. Conclusion: Fibroid complicates pregnancy itself and also the outcome. Rural area dwelling women are at more risk, which include increase in caesarean section and a multifold increased risk of PPH and associated hysterectomy in these cases. Keywords: Leiomyoma, Uterine Fibroids, Pregnancy, complications.