This review article is aimed at providing an update on canine cryptorchidism based on the research studies published in this area over the last 26 years. Although a majority of these research studies were directed at investigating the genetic and molecular basis of cryptorchidism, the mechanisms underlying this problem in dogs are still not clear. Future studies using advanced genomic and molecular approaches and including a larger number of dogs of multiple breeds are required to further our understanding of canine cryptorchidism. Diagnosis and treatment of cryptorchidism in dogs have not received much attention. Research advancements include investigation of ultrasonography and anti-Müllerian hormone assay as potential diagnostic methods. Advancements in treatment include the use of laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy. Based on the available literature, this method appears to be the best for removal of abdominal cryptorchid testes from dogs. However, future studies that compare laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy with the traditional approaches are required for a more conclusive determination of the best method for cryptorchidectomy in dogs.

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Abstract:Voltammetric technique was used to study the binary and ternary complexes of cadmium with L-amino acids and vitamin-C (L-ascorbic acid) at pH =7.30 ± 0.01, µ = 1.0M KNO 3 at 25ºC and 35ºC. Cd (II) formed 1:1:1, 1:1:2 and 1:2:1 complexes with L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-threonine, L-serine, L-phenylglycine, L-phenylalanine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid used as primary ligands and L-ascorbic acid used as secondary ligand. The trend of stability constant of complexes was Llysine < L-ornithine < L-threonine < L-serine < L-phenylglycine < L-phenylalanine < L-glutamic acid < L-aspartic acid which can be explained on the basis of size, basicity and steric hindrance of ligands. The values of stability constant (log β) varied from 2.23 to11.33 confirm that these drugs i.e. L-amino acids or in combination with L-ascorbic acid or their complexes could be used against Cd (II) toxicity. The study has been carried out at 35ºC also to determine the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy change (∆H), Free energy change (∆G) and entropy change (∆S) respectively.

This study for the first time evaluated quantitatively the effect of carbon nanofibre (CNF) reinforcement on tribological properties of epoxy nanocomposites. Nanocomposites containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 wt% CNF were fabricated by casting technique after dispersing CNFs in epoxy resin by ultrasonication and mechanical stirring. Sliding and abrasive wear were investigated using a pin-on-disc apparatus and evaluated statistically for the effect of CNF reinforcement by one-way ANOVA. Sliding wear test revealed that CNF content significantly affected specific wear rate but not frictional coefficient. Reinforcement with 0.5 to 2.5 wt% CNF reduced the specific wear rate compared to the control (neat epoxy). However, specific wear rate was increased at 3.0 wt% CNF. Abrasive wear test showed that CNF reinforcement causes numerical decrease in wear rate but the effect was statistically non-significant. Surface morphology was investigated by SEM to obtain the possible wear mechanism of the nanocomposites.

Back ground: Cervical cancer is the most common genital tract cancer and the important cause of cancer death among Bangladeshi women. Information about actual number of women living with preinvasive phase of cervical cancer and their diagnosis and treatment is limited. For strengthening the programme and policy for cervical cancer prevention , the baseline prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia ( CIN) need to be assessed. Methods: This population based study aimed to determine the prevalence of CIN among women of Khulna division of Bangladesh. Data has been collected from four upazila of four districts of Khulna division. VIA and colposcopy and histopathology was used for detection of cervical pre-cancers and early cancers among 1232 women of the mentioned population. Results: Crude prevalence of CIN was 5.84 %,CIN-II 1.1% and CIN- III .73% in colposcopically directed biopsy. Ninety two participants with CIN received treatment at the Colposcopy Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Khulna Medical College Hospital (KMCH). Conclusion: This population based prevalence study of CIN and socio demography would have conducive effect on future cervical cancer prevention programme. Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2018; Vol. 33(1) : 21-28