SUMMARY Introduction:Adult type hypolactasia is the most common non allergic abnormal reaction to food. Its frequency increases with age. Hypolactasia creates the risk of decreased milk consumption, which could be the cause of lowered bone density, osteoporosis and fractures. The aim of the research was to estimate the frequency of hypolactasia among Szczecin's citizens. Material and methods: 200 randomly chosen people aged between 10-23, divided into three groups: 10-14 years old (36 children), 15-19 years old (77 adolescents) as well as 20-23 (87 students) were examined. The study protocol included the completion of a questionnaire, a breath hydrogen test, as well as the evaluation of the occurrence of intestinal ailments during the test.Results: Hypolactasia was diagnosed in 48 (24%) subjects, regardless of sex, including 11% of the children, 22% of the adolescents, and 31% of the students (p = 0.055). Lactose intolerance was observed in 65% of the subjects with hypolactasia, including over 47% of the adolescents and 85% of the students. Conclusions: During BHT, hydrogen concentration in the expired air was the highest in the group of students and the lowest in the children, indicating an age -dependent decline in intestinal lactase activity among people with hypolactasia, which explains the increasing proportions of subjects with lactose intolerance increasing with age. Key words: hypolactasia, milk intolerance, milk consumption, dairy products consumption.* Rozprawa na stopień doktora nauk o zdrowiu przyjęta przez Radę Wydziału Nauk o Zdrowiu Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie. Promotor: dr hab. n. med. Grażyna Czaja -Bulsa. Oryginalny maszynopis obejmuje 112 stron, 31 rycin, 28 tabel oraz 180 pozycji piśmiennictwa. STRESZCZENIEWstęp: Hypolaktazja u dorosłych jest najczęstszą niealergiczną reakcją niepożądaną na pokarm. Częstość jej wzrasta z wiekiem. Obecność hypolaktazji stwarza ryzyko ograniczania spożycia mleka, co może być przyczyną obniżonej gęstości kości, osteoporozy i złamań. Celem badań była ocena częstości występowania hypolaktazji wśród mieszkańców Szczecina. Materiał i metody: Badano 200 losowo dobranych osób w wieku 10-23 lat, które podzielono na 3 grupy wiekowe: 10-14 lat (36 dzieci), 15-19 lat (77 młodzieży) oraz 20-23 lat (87 studentów). Protokół badania obejmował wypełnienie ankiety, wykonanie wodorowego testu oddechowego (WTO) oraz ocenę występowania dolegliwości jelitowych w czasie badania.Wyniki: Hypolaktazję rozpoznano u 48 (24%) osób, niezależnie od płci, w tym u 11% dzieci, u 22% młodzieży i u 31% studentów (p = 0,055). Nietolerancję laktozy stwierdzono u 65% osób z hypolaktazją, w tym 47% u młodzieży i 85% u studentów. Wnioski: W czasie testu WTO stężenia wodoru w powietrzu wydechowym były najwyższe w grupie studentów, a najniższe u dzieci, co wskazywało na obniżanie się z wiekiem aktywności laktazy jelitowej u osób z hypolaktazją, co tłumaczy wzrastający z wiekiem odsetek osób prezentujących objawy nietolerancji laktozy. Słowa kluczowe: hypolaktazja, nietolerancja mle...
Introduction: Burns in children are a serious public health issue all over the world. This paper aims at comparing the frequency and causes of burns in children. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of medical records of 1230 children treated at Szczecin's burns centre in 1980s and presently was carried out. Results: We have noted that at present hospitalization frequency of burned children has declined 1.7 times. Children who undergo hospital treatment are mostly aged 1-2 (ns) and boys prevail 1.7 times. Infants constitute a high percentage of burn patients (15% and 17%). A proportion of countryside children has decreased (38% vs 28%; p<0.001) while a proportion of town children has increased. Skin burns most frequently resulted from contact with hot liquid (89% vs 83%; p=0.043). The other causes have been noted far less frequently: flame (7% vs 8%; ns), electric current (1% vs 2%; ns), chemicals (0,7% vs 1%; ns) and a few other factors such as: dry heat, sunrays and solarium (2% vs 5%; p=0.002). Conclusions: 1. Over the course of the past 25 years, Western Pomerania has seen a twofold decrease in the frequency of hospitalization of burned children, while the ages and causes of burns have remained the same. 2. Those most often treated are children aged 1-2, mainly boys; there is a high percentage of infants among them. 3. Hot liquid has remained the chief cause of burns in younger children; in the case of older ones, so is flame.
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