A obesidade é a doença nutricional mais frequente em cães, leva a uma série de alterações nas funções corporais e limita a longevidade dos animais. Vários fatores contribuem para o desenvolvimento da obesidade em cães, como genética, raça, idade ABSTRACT Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs and may cause many changes in body systems and limit the longevity of the animals. Many factors contribute to the development of obesity in dogs, as genetics, breed, age, lack of physical activity, caloric food composition, type and form of nutrition, hormonal disorders, medicine, and factors related to the owners. Due to the lack of studies on the nutritional and environmental aspects involved in the development of canine obesity, the present study aimed to obtain information through owners surveys. Interviews with 254 owners of overweight or obese dogs were conducted atUniversity Veterinary Hospitals. Dogs were selected through body condition score (BCS) from 6 to 9, according to the scale described by LAFLAMME (1997) INTRODUÇÃOA obesidade é um distúrbio nutricional que muitas vezes não é diagnosticado como uma doença. Em cães, ocorre quando o peso está pelo menos 15% acima do ideal, consequente do acúmulo excessivo de

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Sperm cryopreservation has become an indispensable tool in reproductive biology. However, frozen/thawed semen has a short lifespan due to loss of sperm cell integrity. To better understand which sperm cell structures are compromised by the cryopreservation process and apoptosis markers, the sperm of five healthy mature dogs was analyzed in this study. Analysis was performed after collection, cooling, and thawing via computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) and evaluation of membrane fluidity and permeability, phosphatidylserine translocation (Annexin V), membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity of the apoptotic markers caspases 3 and 7 by flow cytometry. Cryopreservation decreased total and progressive motility and the percentage of rapid sperm (P < 0.01). Damage to sperm cells was confirmed by Annexin V (P < 0.01), indicating that capacitation-like changes were induced by the cryopreservation procedures. An increase in sperm membrane fluidity was also noted in frozen/thawed samples (P < 0.01). Plasma and acrosomal cell membranes were affected (P < 0.01), with decreases in the subpopulation displaying high membrane potential (P < 0.01). Membrane LPO was increased in thawed sperm compared to cooled sperm (P < 0.05) but was not different from that in fresh sperm. No differences were observed in caspase 3 and 7 activity after cooling, freezing, or thawing. In conclusion, total and progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential suffered from the deleterious effects caused by cryopreservation, unlike the activity of caspases that remained stable during the freezing process.

For years, fatty acids have been recommended as a dietary supplement to improve canine hair. For animal reproduction, supplementation with omegas has been used to increase the reproductive efficiency and conception rate, but few studies have been conducted in dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of daily dietary supplementation with omega-3 and -6 on the quality of fresh and frozen/ thawed semen in canines. Semen was collected from seven dogs and evaluated for sperm motility, vigor, concentration, and morphology. The 17-week study included 119 ejaculates and was divided according to oral supplementation with omega-3 and -6: M1 (1 st -5 th week) or pre-supplementation; M2 (6 th -9 th week) and M3 (10 th -13 th week) or during supplementation; and M4 (14 th -17 th week) or postsupplementation. After analysis, the semen was frozen and then revaluated both immediately and 30 minutes (at 37° C) after thawing. Supplementation with omegas increased sperm motility, vigor, and concentration; however, supplementation had no influence on semen freezability. In addition, there was no improvement in sperm motility after supplementation when the thawed cells were maintained at 37° C for 30 minutes. We concluded that dietary supplementation with omega-3 and -6 for 4 to 8 weeks can improve the quality of fresh semen, although it has no effect on the freezability of canine semen. Key words: Canine. Diet-supplemented. Polyunsaturated-fatty-acid. Sperm. ResumoOs ácidos graxos têm sido recomendados há anos como suplemento dietético para a melhora do pelo canino. Na área de reprodução animal, a suplementação com ômega tem sido usada para aumentar a eficiência reprodutiva e a taxa de concepção em muitas espécies, mas poucos estudos foram conduzidos em cães. Então, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da suplementação dietética diária com ômega-3 e -6 sobre a qualidade do sêmen fresco e congelado de cães. de 7 cães e avaliados quanto a motilidade espermática, vigor, concentração e morfologia. O estudo foi dividido de acordo com os períodos de suplementação oral com omegas-3 e -6, no qual M1 (1ª-5ª semana) foi considerado o período pré-suplementação, M2 (6ª-9ª semana) e M3 (10ª-13ª semana) período de suplementação e M4 (14ª-17ª semana) pós-suplementação, totalizando 17 semanas de estudo (119 ejaculados). Após a análise, o sêmen foi congelado e reavaliado imediatamente e 30 minutos após a descongelação (mantidas a 37º C). A suplementação resultou em aumento da motilidade espermática, vigor e concentração do sêmen fresco; no entanto, não houve influência na congelabilidade do sêmen. Além disso, não houve aumento da motilidade dos espermatozoides após a suplementação, quando as células descongeladas foram mantidas a 37° C, durante 30 minutos. Concluiu-se que a suplementação dietética com omegas-3 e -6, durante 4 a 8 semanas melhora os parâmetros do sêmen fresco de cães, embora não há nenhum efeito sobre a qualidade espermática após a congelação. Palavras-chave: Ácido-graxo-poli-insaturado. Canino. ...

RESUMOUm questionário prospectivo contendo questões objetivas sobre ocorrência e frequência de sinais clínicos relacionados à síndrome dos braquicéfalos foi presencialmente aplicado à 26 responsáveis de cães braquicefálicos portadores de estenose de narina. Os sinais investigados foram: tosse, espirro, espirro reverso, engasgo, disfagia, ronco acordado, ronco ao dormir e intolerância ao exercício. Trinta dias após a rinoplastia, observou-se que todos os animais apresentavam ronco ao dormir (100%); intolerância ao exercício 25 (96,2%); espirro 25 (96,2%); ronco acordado 21 (80,7%); engasgo 21 (80,7%); espirro reverso 18 (69,2%); tosse 17 (65,4%); disfagia 14 (53,8%). Isto posto conclui-se que é grande a frequência e ocorrência dos sinais clínicos em cães braquicefálicos portadores de estenose de narinas. O uso de questionários direcionados ao tutor mostrou-se ferramenta útil na avaliação da sintomatologia clínica em cães portadores da síndrome dos braquicéfalos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Braquicefálicos; Qualidade de vida; Síndrome Respiratória. PERCEPTION OF OWNERS REGARDING CLINICAL SIGNS IN BRACHYPHALIC DOGS WITH STENOTIC NARESABSTRACT A prospective questionnaire containing objective questions about the occurrence and frequency of clinical signs related to brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome was presently applied to 26 brachycephalic dogs with stenotic nares. The signs investigated were: coughing, sneezing, reverse sneezing, choking, dysphagia, snoring wile awake, snoring during sleep and exercise intolerance. Thirty days after rhinoplasty, all animals presented snoring when sleeping (100%); 25 (96.2%) presented exercise intolerance; 25 (96.2%) sneezing; 21 (80.7%) snoring wile awake, ; 21 (80.7%) chokes; 18 (69.2%) reverse sneezing; 17 (65.4%) cough and 14