Pemisahan n-propil asetat dari campuran terner n-propil asetat/n-propanol/air merupakan salah satu proses yang tidak dapat dilakukan dengan distilasi sederhana. Adanya azeotrop terner minimum dari campuran tersebut menyebabkan n-propil asetat hanya dapat dipisahkan dari campuran n-propanol dan air salah satunya dengan metode distilasi ekstraktif. Distilasi ekstraktif merupakan proses vaporisasi parsial dengan menambahkan suatu agen pemisah non-volatil yang disebut sebagai sovent atau agen ekstraktif. Solvent yang digunakan dalam simulasi proses ini adalah campuran DMSO (Dimetil Sulfoksida) dan Gliserol dengan komposisi 50 % massa dengan perbandingan 1:2 untuk massa umpan kolom : solvent. Feed yang digunakan adalah n-propanol (10 kmol/jam) dan asam asetat (13 kmol/jam) masing-masing pada suhu 25°C dan tekanan 101,3 kPa. Hasil n-propil asetat terbaik diperoleh saat solvent diumpankan pada stage 5 dengan fraksi mol n-propil asetat pada distilat 0,9975 disertai dengan minimumnya energi reboiler yang digunakan pada konfigurasi kolom ini.n-Propyl acetate separation of the n-propyl acetate /n-propanol/water mixture composition can't be done by simple distillation. The existence of minimum ternary azeotrope on the mixture causes n-propyl acetate can be separated only by extractive distillation method. Extractive distillation is a partial vaporization process in the presence of a non-volatile separating agent called as solvent or extractive agent. Solvent used in the simulation process is DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide)-Glycerol mixture (50% mass) with a ratio of 1: 2 for column feed : solvent. n-Propanol (10 kmol/hour) and acetic acid (13 kmol/hour) are fed into reactor (before extractive distillation process) at 25°C and 101.3 kPa, respectively. The best results of n-propyl acetate were obtained when the solvent was fed to stage 5 in which mole fraction of n-propyl acetate in distillate 0.9975 accompanied by the minimum reboiler energy used in this column configuration.

Digestive surgery service including surgical management of gastrointestinal disease and digestive cancers are experiencing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore it is necessary to formulate recommendation for digestives surgery service, as guidelines to engage in case-by-case assessment of particular patients with digestive diseases. We are aware that the knowledge and science of COVID-19 are still evolving, with new progression every day. This recommendation reflect actual condition and are subject for future adjustment in the future.

Biodegradable foam is an original packaging as a styrofoam alternative. Sago starch is used to produce biodegradable foam because of its huge amount, low-cost, and high biodegradability. Starch as a prospectus foam material is sensitive to water due to its hydrophilic properties. Thus, improvement is necessary to boost its water resistance capability. Coating the foam with a hydrophobic material prevents water contact with the starch. In this work, Beeswax was used as a coating agent due to its hydrophobicity. The purpose of this work to determine the concentration and time of beeswax coating on the mechanical properties of biodegradable foam. Beeswax was varied at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% wt concentration with coating duration process for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 seconds. Biodegradable foam was produced by baking process at 80°C for 1 hour 20 minutes. The results showed that the beeswax coating process increases the water resistance, although it does not significantly affect the tensile strength. Beeswax addition as much as 4% wt. for 150 seconds had improved the biodegradable foam properties as much as 1.92%, 73% in 28 days, and 0.09 MPa for water absorption capability, biodegradability, and tensile strength, respectively.

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