COVID-19 is a global health problem including in Indonesia. The increased case of COVID-19 proved to have quite a significant impact on the economy globally which may have affected stability in Indonesia. This method of collecting data is a method of study literature with secondary data types. Data is taken from the Internet with respect to the validity of information such as government official information, official online sites and processed results of valid data. After obtaining the existing reference, a sorting of information that is appropriate to the topic of discussion. Data analysis is presented in graphical form and comes with a descriptive narrative. Based on the research, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic affects the economy in Indonesia. The affected sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic are transportation, tourism, trade, health and other sectors, but the economic sector most affected by COVID-19 is the household sector. Optimizing the potential in the country, the decline of BI-7 Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR), the interest rate of Deposit facility, and Lending facility interest rate, monitoring of global and domestic economic development conducted by Indonesia was assessed precisely so that inflation and stability remain in control.

North Sumatra Province has the Tangkahan Nature Tourism Area, which represents ecotourism managed by local communities, established in 2001, which has now become the leading tourism destination of North Sumatra both locally and internationally. Tangkahan ecotourism is an example of payment for environmental services for the Tangkahan community, which initially carried out illegal logging in the mount Leuseur national park and then agreed to preserve the national park through ecotourism. This study aims to analyze the economic value of tourism and the preferences of tourists to revisit, along with the factors that influence them, where these conditions can be an illustration of the sustainability of Tangkahan ecotourism. The travel cost method is used to calculate the economic value of Tangkahan Ecotourism environmental services. The factors that affect the economic value, intensity of visits, and interest in revisiting, were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results showed that Tangkahan ecotourism has a relatively high economic value, supported by the intensity and interest of tourist visits. Factors that affect the economic value and preferences of tourist visits can be managed for the sustainability of Tangkahan ecotourism so as not to lose the economic value of the ecotourism environmental services.

No abstract

This paper aimed to provide a narrative review of the current conditions of orangutan ecotourism on Sumatra Island, problems in the current management systems, and some recommendations for further development. Orangutan conservation centers have been developed on Sumatra Island since 1973. The Bukit Lawang Conservation Station is one of the orangutan conservation centers that have practiced ecotourism to overcome ecological and socio-economic issues. Even though the Bukit Lawang Conservation Station has operated for decades, this station has faced several issues, in particular a monetary crisis in 1997, a flash flood in 2003, and the COVID-19 pandemic. We identified that orangutan conservation centers on Sumatra Island have the potential to support orangutan ecotourism. These conservation centers have ecological support, available facilities, and rich local wisdom that can provide added value for orangutan ecotourism. Therefore, we propose that the development of orangutan ecotourism on Sumatra Island should accommodate surrounding communities through community-based wildlife ecotourism. We also recommend the following strategies to develop orangutan ecotourism on Sumatra Island: (1) mapping the location and distribution of wild orangutans in their natural habitats; (2) managing captive and semi-captive orangutans in conservation centers; (3) provision of tour packages; (4) community empowerment; (5) institutional strengthening of community-based ecotourism management (CBEM); (6) developing ecotourism through a benefit-sharing model; (7) anticipating and minimizing the negative impacts of ecotourism on orangutans; and (8) integrating orangutan tourism with local wisdom.

A total of 150 cattle consisting of 3 breeds (Bali, Madura and Ongole) of Indonesian native cattle were used in this study. The aims of the study were to identify and characterize polymorphisms in the growth hormone loci of those breeds of cattle. The genomic DNA was extracted using Wizard genomic DNA purification system from Promega. Two fragments of growth hormone gene were amplified using PCR and continued with RFLP using restriction enzymes of AluI and MspI. Polymorphisms were found at both loci of GH-L1 and GH-L2 of the growth hormone gene by PCRRFLP analysis in all breeds of those cattle.© 2002 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: PCR-RFLP, growth hormone gene, polymorphism, Indonesian local cattle.