This study aimed to determine explicitly legal protection for consumers in the form of accountability of commercial aviation business actors in Indonesia, to be able to produce a clear policy/regulation to protect consumers. The data sources come from secondary data which consists of primary, secondary and tertiary legal material. Primary legal material consists of the laws and regulations related to the UUPK, aviation Law and other relevant rules. Secondary legal material in the form of consumer protection books, papers, other scientific works related to consumer protection and even cases of aviation service consumers. The results of this study indicated the regulation of business actors' responsibilities both UUPK and UUP is unclear, as well as unprotected flight service consumers in Indonesia.

The government's task to achieve the state's objective is provided in the preamble of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. In the governance system, societies often encounter tough situation, while administrative law has specially actualised constitutional norms of correlation between the state and its societies. The administrative management in the Law is seen as essential instrument of a democratic state of law, in which decision and/or act is determined by an entity and/or a government official or government apparatus involving executive, judicative, and legislative entities that run governmental functions which are possible to be examined at court. The research problem presented in this research is why there are differences between positive-passive system (stelsel) and negative-passive system regarding the management of state administrative decision. This research employed normative legal research along with prescriptive analysis method. The research result indicates that the emergence of conflict in passive administrative state management is caused by the inaccuracy of legislation in formulating laws.

Koperasi adalah badan usaha yang beranggotakan orang seorang atau badan hukum koperasi dengan berlandaskan kegiatannya berdasarkan prinsip koperasi sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang berdasarkan atas asas kekeluargaan. ( Pasal 1 ayat (1) UU No.25 Tahun 1992). Kata “gerakan ekonomi rakyat” mengindikasikan bahwa koperasi adalah wadah bagi ekonomi rakyat. Berangkat dari paradigma ekonomi kerakyatan, yang mengutamakan kepentingan pengembangan ekonomi rakyat, people’s economy yang menempati strata bawah dalam “kerucut” perekonomian nasional, maka retribusi sumber daya harus memberikan hak-hak istimewah kepada pelaku usaha kecil, menengah dan koperasi. Pemihakan terhadap upaya pemberdayaan ekonomi kerakyatan diarahkan untuk mempercepat peran koperasi sebagai wadah ekonomi rakyat, yang bertitik tolak dari arahan bahwa pembangunan koperasi sebagai badan usaha dan sekaligus sebagai gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang sehat, tangguh, kuat, mandiri, unggul dan sebagai pelaku ekonomi yang menggalang kemampuan ekonomi rakyat di lingkup ekonomi nasional.

Everything pertaining to the public interest is considered government activities. The entire territory of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is subject to control by the central government. The implementation of state government, which used both a centralized and decentralized system, was renewed with the passage of Law No. 32 of 2004. Externality, accountability, and efficiency requirements are split into categories for the management of governmental affairs. Normative legal research, often known as library law research, was the method employed in this study. Legal studies that are understood as norms or rules that apply are studied normatively. Written positive legal norms, the creation of statutory institutions, codification, laws, governmental rules, etc. are examples of applicable legal norms. The purpose of this study is to ascertain how the central and local governments are related in terms of power. The findings of the study suggest that the government administration is aware of the connection between the national and local governments. The decentralization strategy aims to grant the regions the power to manage their own affairs while remaining within the bounds of the Unitary State of Indonesia Republic. In order for regions to carry out their autonomy as effectively as possible, the central government's job in the framework of regional autonomy will primarily be to determine macropolicies and to carry out supervision, monitoring, evaluation, and empowerment..

In the Wewelen Sub-District, there are 2 families, namely the Laluan-Sakul Family and the Aguw Family, who have problems regarding land disputes which are quite protracted and often recur, so they need a settlement as soon as possible. The research approach used is qualitative research. Qualitative research is a type of research that is understood as research that utilizes descriptive data. While the data used is descriptive data in the form of data in the form of sentences both verbal and non-verbal. Data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, documentation. The results of this study concluded that the problem of community land conflicts in Wewelen Village, Tondano Barat District, Minahasa Regency occurred because of conflicts in road construction, land stake boundaries and land conflict resolution carried out through local government mediation