This paper uses an extension of the Euro-Sting single-index dynamic factor model to construct short-term forecasts of quarterly GDP growth for the euro area by accounting for financial variables as leading indicators. From a simulated real-time exercise, the model is used to investigate the forecasting accuracy across the different phases of the business cycle. Our extension is also used to evaluate the relative forecasting ability of the two most reliable business cycle surveys for the euro area: the PMI and the ESI. We show that the latter produces more accurate GDP forecasts than the former. Finally, the proposed model is also characterized by its great ability to capture the European business cycle, as well as the probabilities of expansion and/or contraction periods.
We empirically analyze the impact of product market competition on the responsiveness of inflation to macroeconomic imbalances. If competition is high the response of inflation to lagged inflation, unemployment and import prices is reduced, while inflation is more responsive to changes in productivity growth in countries in which competition is above the OECD average. Given the ('good luck') macroeconomic trajectories of the 1990s-2000s, the structural reforms that made goods markets more competitive improved the ability of OECD economies to smooth (dis)inflationary shocks, while changes in the monetary policy framework had a modest role in taming inflation during the Great Moderation.
La COVID-19 ha supuesto una disrupción sin precedentes en las cadenas de valor globales, que se está prolongando tanto por las olas de la pandemia como por la invasión de Rusia a Ucrania. En este artículo se propone una estrategia, basada en un SVAR identificado con restricción de signos, para estimar el impacto de los cuellos de botella sobre la inflación y la actividad, diferenciándolo del efecto de otras perturbaciones de oferta. La caída del PIB es significativa y persistente, más en la eurozona que en España. La inflación, por su parte, tiende a aumentar, si bien la menor actividad contiene el impacto de los cuellos de botella.
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