This research aims to perform an empirical analysis of rural farmer conditions in South Sumatera during the Covid-19 pandemic outbreak. To fulfill the research objectives, there are some things focused on economic and demographic features, levels and patterns of income and consumption, the magnitude of debt factors, and social conditions and the position of farmers in society. This research is a survey study with multiple regression analysis methods. The sample selection is carried out in a multilevel with a sample number of 300 farmers in South Sumatra. Based on this study, first, during the pandemic, farmers were in a difficult condition because of the low income from agricultural products that was not balanced with consumption expenditure. Farmers' income during the pandemic amounted to 104.54 USD, a decrease from the previous year amounting to 218.28 USD. Decreased by 52.16 percent before the pandemic. Second, they survive by making debt loans. Third, reduced income and large amounts of debt have caused farmers to be unable to meet their basic needs, where around 65.22 percent of total consumption is spent on non-durable goods or only to fulfill their basic needs.

This study aims to identify the mapping, measure performance, and analyze problems in the structure of rice supply chain management on the supplier network phase in South Sumatra. Afterward, the result of this study is used as the basic consideration to improve the rice supply chain performance on indicators that have problems.Data collection was conducted by direct interview, questionnaire, and observation. This study used descriptive qualitative and several analysis tools as the data such as Supply Chain Operation Reference Model (SCOR), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Objective Matrix (OMAX) and Traffic Light System (TLS). According to the rice supply chain mapping on supplier network phase, there are three rice supply chains. Based on the interview, the farmers' main problem as the main producers of the rice supply chain in South Sumatra is the limitation of unhusked rice price information in harvesting in the financial flow of rice supply chain. Based on the weighting result by OMAX scoring system, the total index value is 7.28, or in the yellow category which means that the performance of LICM rice-industry company in South Sumatra has not achieved the expected performance in terms of rice supply chain even though the result is close to the pre-determined target.

Tujuan dari penelitian adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui trend fluktuasi harga karet pada tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2020 di Desa Panca Tunggal Kecamatan Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, (2) Untuk menganalisis pengaruh fluktasi harga karet dan jumlah produksi karet terhadap pendapatan petani karet di Desa Panca Tunggal Kecamatan Sungai Lilin Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive).Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian survei. Metode penarikan contoh yang akan digunakan adalah metode acak sederhana (simple random sampling). Jumlah sampel yang diambil adalah sebanyak 30 dari 195 petani karet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa analisis trend harga karet pada tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2020 dengan menggunakan model polinomial order ke-6 dengan rata-rata nilai R-Square 78,5% dan mengalami trend harga yang berfluktuasi yang cenderung meningkat. Fluktuasi harga karet dan jumlah produksi karet memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap pendapatan petani karet. Apabila harga karet mengalami kenaikan Rp1, maka pendapatan petani karet juga akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar Rp 2.204 dengan asumsi variabel bebas lainnya bernilai tetap dan apabila jumlah produksi karet mengalami kenaikan 1Kg, maka pendapatan petani karet juga akan mengalami kenaikan sebesar Rp8.970 dengan asumsi variabel bebas lainnya bernilai tetap.  Kata kunci: fluktuasi harga, karet, pendapatan, pengaruh.

The length of the existing porang (Amorphopallus Muelleri B) supply chain is causing a problem on porang farmers in South Sumatra. The purpose of this research was to construct a P4S Karya Tani porang supply chain with two evaluation steps. First beginning, identify the potential demand for porang in South Sumatra from either the demand and supply perspective. Second, consider the challenges of maximizing market demand in the porang supply chain in South Sumatra. The research employed a qualitative descriptive method with a philosophical approach to supply chain management theory. Based on the discussion, P4S as evaluated the porang supply chain design, determining that small and large traders must be eliminated as intermediaries, allowing them to sell porang raw materials direct to consumers and agro-industry enterprises that export porang. All elements, including that of the local government, Sriwijaya University, the corporate sector, and banking institutions, should be involved in the P4S porang supply chain planning. This collaboration is crucial in order to connect and transform the paradigm of direct sales to consumers, enabling P4S porang farmers to sell to the nearest consumer, PT PIP in South Lampung, via a contract farming system.