Abstract. Abidin Z, Setiawan B, Muhaimin AW, Shinta A. 2021. The role of coastal biodiversity conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness in mangrove ecosystem of southern Malang, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 648-658. Southern coast of Malang, East Java, Indonesia has several mangrove ecosystems used for ecotourism, such as Clungup Mangrove Conservation Tiga Warna (CMC Tiga Warna). This area has consistently implemented ecotourism principles. Previously, it was assumed to be vulnerable from the damage due to differences in environmental awareness of ecotourists and local communities. This study aims to (i) describe the strategy of coastal biodiversity conservation to enhance environmental awareness and its sustainability; (ii) analyze the role of conservation on sustainability and environmental awareness, with sustainability as a mediating variable between conservation and environmental awareness. Data analysis was conducted with descriptive and Warp Partial Least Square (WarpPLS). The results indicate that empirical facts of conservation, sustainability, and environmental awareness in CMC Tiga Warna are relevant to the result of statistical analysis. Conservation is believed to form the environmental awareness of ecotourists and local communities and to maintain the sustainability of ecotourism destinations. In addition, the sustainability of ecotourism destinations serves as an effective mediator between conservation and environmental awareness, along with the modeling of environmental awareness enhancement in conservation-based coastal ecotourism. The proposed model explains that sustainability and environmental awareness variances are 23% and 25%, respectively. In summary, Destination Marketing and Management Organization of CMC Tiga Warna ecotourism is believed to improve environmental awareness of ecotourist and local communities by strengthening coastal biodiversity conservation programs in ecotourism areas and in maintaining sustainability.

This study aims to assess and analyze the application of the principle of lex specialis the derogat legi generali in the Criminal Justice System related to the stages in the criminal justice process, and the form of the indictment in applying the principle of lex specialis the derogat legi generali. The method used is empirical juridical with descriptive analytical. The result shows that this principle is applied in criminal cases that violating the general and special criminal provisions in the Penal Code, the general criminal provisions in the Penal Code and special criminal provisions outside the Penal Code, as well as criminal cases that violating two special criminal acts outside the Penal Code. Regarding the fase of criminal procedure in handling the case under this principle, it is implemented in the adjudication process, using the subsidiarity or cumulative model of chargingPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan menganalisis penerapan asas lex specialis derogat legi generali dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana terkait dengan tahapan dalam proses peradilan pidana, dan bentuk surat dakwaan dalam menerapkan asas lex xpecialis derogat legi generali tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode  yuridis empiris yang bersifat deskriptif analitis. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa asas lex specialis derogat legi generali diterapkan dalam perkara pidana yang mempertemukan ketentuan pidana umum dan khusus dalam KUHP, ketentuan pidana umum dalam KUHP dan ketentuan pidana khusus di luar KUHP, serta perkara pidana yang mempertemukan dua atau lebih ketentuan pidana khusus di luar KUHP. Berkenaan dengan tahapan dalam sistem peradilan pidana, asas ini diterapkan dalam tahap adjudication, yang mengharuskan surat dakwaan dibuat dalam model subsidiaritas atau kumulatif

The immense development of a worldwide coffee franchise, Starbucks, affects the local community's coffee culture, particularly the middle class, which characterizes an alternative lifestyle for consumptive and dynamics individuals who love to seek leisure time and a new identity. More than just a process of domestication or creolization, a coffee-producing country such as Indonesia has an element of "soft countering to" Western coffee culture even though it still embraces some parts of the Western styles. This phenomenon is referred to as the cultural encapsulation process or substantial cultural resistance by drawing a line between the two coffee cultures to take merely compatible elements. More precisely, there has been a process of affirming the value and local coffee culture in the coffee business. Still, the proprietors selectively induce some parts of the West culture like new coffee processing and serving techniques. In terms of management practices, the shift in a more local environment will largely determine their standard of ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mangku Purnomo Associate Professor in Agricultural Sociology with key research interests in consumer culture, political ecology, rural development, and societal transformation issues. His recent research topic focuses on fairtrade issues, including the dynamic of the single origin coffee market. Yayuk Yuliati Professor in Rural Sociology with key research interests in gender analysis, rural development, and empowerment issues. Her research focuses on gender aspects in rural development programs and the value chain of the single origin coffee market. Agustina Shinta Associate Professor in Agribusiness Management with key research interests in consumer behavior, agribusiness, Small and Medium Agribusiness Enterprises issues. Her recent research topic focuses on Marketing, Farm Management, including rural management. Fitria Dina Riana. Agustina Shinta. Associate Professor in Agribusiness Management with key research interests in marketing, human resources management, Small and Medium Agribusiness Enterprises issues. Her recent research topic focuses on Marketing, Farm Management, including rural management.

The aim of this research is to analyse the level of technical efficiency of rice farming by considering farmer preferences towards natural and technological risks. This research is conducted in selected regions in Malang Regency (Indonesia) with the consideration that farmers in selected areas can produce high productivity, but productivity growth fluctuates very sharply each year (within 13 years). Natural phenomenon that often appears as the risks of farming, such as, floods, droughts, and hurricanes. While, the application of technology is the part of the risks of farming, too, because farmers are not willing to adopt the technology which facilitated by the government. Rice farmers who used respondents are 305 people namely spread in seven selected regions in two seasons. The method used are a) Expected Utility of Money to measure the farmer preferences towards the risks and b) Stochastic Frontier Translog production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) approach to analyse the level of technical efficiency of farming. The results found that 77.7% of farmers have averter risk preferences, the level of technical efficiency obtained at 0.75 by pooling the data, and the influence of the preference of farmers to sources of technical inefficiency is -0622. Recommendation submitted is induced the technology with mentoring system and immediately implement the agricultural insurance.

This paper analyses the influence of the level of technical inefficiency that occur in farmers on profits earned. Where the level of technical inefficiency consider that factor of managerial capabilities of farmers, one of which is a farmer's behaviour in dealing with the risks of farming. The aims of this research are to analyse the influence of the level of technical inefficiency on profits and perform simulations to determine the strategic policies that can be done by the government for an increase in profits of rice farmers. The methods used are the method of Translog Stochastic Profit Frontier and share of expenditure for inputs against profit. Primary data by panel collected during the rainy season and the dry season in 2014/2015 with the number of observations for 610 farmers. The research area covers 7 subdistricts in Malang Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia. The results showed that there is influence negatively the level of technical inefficiency and significant with a profit of 2.61. The best policy is the provision of a hand tractor to farmer group and efforts to reduce the level of technical inefficiency through increasing attitudes and behaviour of farmers in dealing with the risks of farming with the changes increase in profit of 29.12%.