Dengue viral infection (DVI) is a debilitating arthropod-borne disease that has been rapidly spread in several regions of the world in recent years. The spectrum of disease varies from mild self-limiting illness to dengue fever (DF) to more severe and fulminating forms, i.e., dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), dengue shock syndrome (DSS),and expanded dengue syndrome (EDS). The pathogenesis of EDS is not clear amid lack of studies on animal models. In the absence of in vitro experiments, disease spectrum is difficult to be elucidated and mimicked for humans.Recent advances on research on atypical complications of EDS demonstrate the involvement of other major organs such as the kidney, lung, heart, and central nervous system. Histopathological findings demonstrate the presence of hemorrhage, edema, and inflammatory infiltrates in these organs.The spectrum of Dengue viral infection varies from mild self-limiting illness to dengue fever to more severe and fulminating forms, i.e., dengue hemorrhagic fever, dengue shock syndrome, and expanded dengue syndrome. Apart from the classical presentation, dengue infection can result in a myriad of unusual clinical manifestations, which are grouped under the title expanded dengue syndrome. These findings urge more focused and comprehensive investigations to explore such relationships so that high-risk patients could be identified immediately during their presentation to the hospitals.Keywords: Expanded dengue syndrome, Pathogenesis, Organ-specific manifestation
Takikardia supraventrikular (SVT) mewakili serangkaian takiaritmia yang berasal dari sirkuit atau fokus yang muncul di atas bundel His dan mengakibatkan denyut jantung melebihi 100 kali/menit. Takikardia reentri atrioventrikuler (AVRT) ortodromik merupakan jenis SVT kedua yang paling umum dijumpai pada sekitar 55% pasien dengan sindrom WolffParkinson-White (WPW). Sindrom WPW merupakan bentuk kelainan pre-eksitasi ventrikel yang paling umum dijumpai. Sindrom ini ditandai dengan adanya jalur aksesori antara atrium dan ventrikel yang memungkinkan adanya rute alternatif untuk depolarisasi ventrikel. Dilaporkan seorang wanita, 34 tahun dengan sindrom WPW yang terdiagnosis setelah terminasi dari takikardi kompleks sempit melalui manuver valsava yang dimodifikasi. Manuver ini merupakan teknik lini pertama yang biasa digunakan untuk mengembalikan irama sinus. Teknik non-invasif ini berfungsi untuk memperpanjang periode refrakter nodus AV melalui peningkatan tekanan intrathorakal dalam waktu singkat sehingga menstimulasi aktivitas baroreseptor di lengkung aorta dan karotis yang selanjutnya meningkatkan tonus parasimpatis. Sebagai kesimpulan, dokter perlu menyadari bahwa manuver ini berpotensi untuk menginduksi takiaritmia letal akibat blokade nodus AV sehingga memicu konduksi melalui jalur aksesori pada pasien dengan sindrom pre-eksitasi.
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