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ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) with N-Butyl Cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Materials and MethodsBetween March 1999 and December 2002, TAE for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding was performed in 93 patients. The endoscopic approach had failed or was discarded as an approach for control of bleeding in all study patients. Among the 93 patients NBCA was used as the primary embolic material for TAE in 32 patients (28 men, four women; mean age, 59.1 years). The indications for choosing NBCA as the embolic material were: inability to advance the microcatheter to the bleeding site and effective wedging of the microcatheter into the bleeding artery. TAE was performed using 1:1-1:3 mixtures of NBCA and iodized oil. The angiographic and clinical success rate, recurrent bleeding rate, procedure related complications and clinical outcomes were evaluated.ResultsThe angiographic and clinical success rates were 100% and 91% (29/32), respectively. There were no serious ischemic complications. Recurrent bleeding occurred in three patients (9%) and they were managed with emergency surgery (n = 1) and with a successful second TAE (n = 2). Eighteen patients (56%) had a coagulopathy at the time of TAE and the clinical success rate in this group of patients was 83% (15/18).ConclusionTAE with NBCA is a highly effective and safe treatment modality for nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding, especially when it is not possible to advance the microcatheter to the bleeding site and when the patient has a coagulopathy.

Sacrococcygeal teratomas are the most common solid tumor in newborn infants. The diagnosis is not difficult in many cases; however, there should be additional information on imaging studies in order to manage those infants properly. Details include histology, morphologic classification, complications such as rupture, bleeding, and mass effects on the adjacent structures. Although imaging features cannot accurately predict the histologic subtypes of the tumors, thorough evaluation of the imaging features can help distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors. In this article, pathogenesis, histological characteristics, clinical considerations, and morphologic characteristics will be discussed.