This prospective study was designed to determine the incidence of pulmonary complications after open cardiac surgery as well as to identity predisposing factors of these complications at NICVD, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The cumulative incidence of pulmonary complications after open heart surgery was 16.85% (15of 89) with a mortality rate of 33.33% (5 of 15) and the overall mortality among all patients was 5.62% (5 of 89). Pulmonary complications occurred in 15.9% of patients with coronary artery revascularization, 11.53% in patients with valvular replacement and 26.31% in patients with congenital heart disease. ARDS occurred in 2.25% of patients with a mortality rate of about 100%,, pneumonia in 5.62%, atelectasis in 2.25%, pleural effusion in 5.62% and pneumothorax in 3.37%. The most predisposing factors were massive blood transfusion, re-exploration for control of post-operative bleeding, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and prolonged length stay in the intensive care unit. Bangladesh Heart Journal 2023; 38(1): 8-12

Background: Identification of predictors of morbidity and mortality is an important issue for the management of cardiac surgical patients. Elevated lactate concentrations in the immediate postoperative period reflect unmet metabolic demand and may be associated with outcome. Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out in the department of cardiac surgery, at National Heart Foundation Hospital& Research Institute(NHFH&RI), Dhaka. commencing from July 2016 to March 2018. In all Adult patients irrespective of sex undergoing elective off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG). Purposive sampling was applied with patient with blood lactate level < 3 mmol/L 6hours after shifting from OT to ICU in Group-A and blood lactate level ≥3mmol/l, 6hours after shifting to the ICU in Group-B.Postoperative early adverse outcomes were analyzed in both the patient groups. Results: Blood lactate level 6 hours after ICU transfer is an independent predictor for prolonged mechanical ventilation time, (OR 2.540, 95% CI 1.781-3.621, p= <0.001).prolonged ICU stay, .(OR 1.767, 95% CI 1.348-2.315, p=< 0.001) pulmonary complication (OR 1.503, 95% CI 1.104-2.046, p= 0.010).and renal dysfunction(OR 1.460, 95% CI 1.156-1.843, p= 0.001). following off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Other risk factors for adverse outcome including, low LVEF, diabetes mellitus, blood transfusion and inotropic support were also found to be predictors of major complications in our study. Conclusion: The findings of this study permits to conclude that blood lactate level 6hours after ICU transfer is associated with an increased risk of postoperative early adverse outcome after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. It is found that lactate is an independent predictor of major postoperative complications. So, achieving normal blood lactate level following OPCABG is essential for minimizing postoperative adverse outcome. Cardiovasc. j. 2020; 12(2): 120-125