Background Pectus excavatum is the most common chest wall deformity. There is still controversy about cardiopulmonary limitations of this disease and benefits of surgical repair. This study evaluates the impact of pectus excavatum on the cardiopulmonary function of adult patients before and after a modified minimally invasive repair. Methods and Results In this retrospective cohort study, an electronic database was used to identify consecutive adult (aged ≥18 years) patients who underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing before and after primary pectus excavatum repair at Mayo Clinic Arizona from 2011 to 2020. In total, 392 patients underwent preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing; abnormal oxygen consumption results were present in 68% of patients. Among them, 130 patients (68% men, mean age, 32.4±10.0 years) had post‐repair evaluations. Post‐repair tests were performed immediately before bar removal with a mean time between repair and post‐repair testing of 3.4±0.7 years (range, 2.5–7.0). A significant improvement in cardiopulmonary outcomes ( P <0.001 for all the comparisons) was seen in the post‐repair evaluations, including an increase in maximum, and predicted rate of oxygen consumption, oxygen pulse, oxygen consumption at anaerobic threshold, and maximal ventilation. In a subanalysis of 39 patients who also underwent intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography at repair and at bar removal, a significant increase in right ventricle stroke volume was found ( P <0.001). Conclusions Consistent improvements in cardiopulmonary function were seen for pectus excavatum adult patients undergoing surgery. These results strongly support the existence of adverse cardiopulmonary consequences from this disease as well as the benefits of surgical repair.

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ملخص البحث تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تصميم منهج مقترح في تعليم التعبيرات الاصطلاحية من معجم التعبير الاصطلاحي في العربية المعاصرة لمحمد محمد داود حرف الألف واللام لدى الإندونيسيين المبتدئين، لرفع مستواهم اللغوي في تعلّم اللغة العربية خاصة في التعبير الاصطلاحي. إن هذه الدراسة تسلك على منهج الوصف التحليلي، وذلك بوضع التعبيرات الاصطلاحية الموجودة في معجم التعبير الاصطلاحي في العربية المعاصرة لمحمد محمد داود حرف الألف واللام في الوحدة الدراسية تتكون من الحوارات والنصوص مع تدريباتهما ودليل المعلم لها. أثبتت الدراسة تصميم المنهج المقترح في تعليم التعبيرات الاصطلاحية من خلال 175 تعبير اصطلاحي في معجم التعبير الاصطلاحي في العربية المعاصرة لمحمد محمد داود حرف الألف واللام في أربع وحدات، وفي كل وحدة حوارانِ ونصّانِ، وفي كل حوارٍ أو نصٍ ثمانية تعبيرات على أقلّ، وأيضا الاخبتار ودليل المعلم في آخر الوحدات الأربع. الكلمات المفتاحية: المنهج، التعليم، التعبير الاصطلاحي. Abstract This study aims to design a proposed curriculum in teaching idiomatic expressions from the glossary of idiomatic expression in contemporary Arabic by Muhammad Muhammad Dawud, the letter of alif and lam among beginners Indonesians, to raise their linguistic level in learning Arabic, especially in idiomatic expression. This study follows the analytical description method, by putting idiomatic expressions found in the lexicon of idiomatic expression in the contemporary Arabic of Muhammad Muhammad Dawud, the letter of alif and lam in the unit of study consisting of dialogues and texts. This study follows the analytical description method, by putting idiomatic expressions found in the lexicon of idiomatic expression the unit of study consisting of dialogues and texts with their training and the teacher's guide to the curriculum. The study demonstrated the design of the proposed curriculum in teaching idiomatic expressions through 175 idiomatic expressions in four units, and in each unit two dialogues and two texts, and in each dialogue or text at least eight expressions, and also the test and a guide The teacher in the last four units

Prostate cancer (PCa), which is among the most prevalent types of cancer in men, is a prominent topic in imaging research. The primary aim of PCa imaging is to acquire more accurate characterizations of the disease. More precise imaging of the local stage progression, early discovery of metastatic cancers, reliable diagnosis of oligometastatic cancer, and optimum treatment response evaluation are areas in which contemporary imaging is quickly improving and developing. Imaging techniques, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the whole body and molecular imaging with combined positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), and MRI, enable imaging to support and enhance treatment lines in patients with local and advanced PCa. With the availability of multiple imaging modalities for the management of PCa, we aim in this review to offer a multidisciplinary viewpoint on the appropriate function of contemporary imaging in the identification of PCa.