Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has been proposed to be driven by an abnormal neuroinflammatory response affecting cognitive function. However, the impact of T2DM on hippocampal function and synaptic integrity during aging has not been investigated. Here, we investigated the effects of aging in T2DM on ADlike pathology using the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mouse model of T2DM. Our results indicate that adult T2DM mice exhibited impaired spatial

Tobacco smoking has become one of the greatest sources of indoor inhalable particles. Tobacco smoke changes chemically and physically after it is released into indoor air; these changes can increase secondhand smoke (SHS) toxicity. The SHS as assessed by indoor particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 2.5 mm (PM 2.5 ) was investigated experimentally and computationally. Test house experiment was performed to study the PM 2.5 concentration under controlled conditions coupled with mathematical model of continuity equation. PM 2.5 was measured using a DustTrak personal sampler. Two-dimensional flow and dispersion of cigarette smoke were modeled using computational fluids dynamics model which were solved using Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. The effect of air purifier in reducing SHS and thirdhand smoke (THS) was analyzed and evaluated. The results demonstrated that the air purifier cannot control the indoor PM 2.5 levels. Furthermore, amount of smoke from main stream of SHS is more compared to side stream and THS can be evaluated by calculating the adsorption term of continuity equation.

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