Pesisir merupakan kawasan yang rentan mengalami penurunan kualitas perairan akibat masuknya bahan-bahan pencemar hasil aktivitas antropogenik dari daratan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengkaji kualitas perairan berdasarkan keanekaragaman meiofauna dan parameter fisika-kimia di pesisir Losari, Makassar. Selain itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pengaruh parameter fisika-kimia terhadap keanekaragaman meiofauna di dasar perairan. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data secara purposive sampling. Status kualitas perairan di pesisir Losari dikategorikan sebagai perairan yang tercemar berat, hal ini didasarkan pada tingkat keanekaragaman spesies meiofauna yang sangat rendah dan sebagian besar parameter fisika-kimia perairan yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu yang telah ditentukan oleh pemerintah RI melalui Kep. MLH. No. 51 Tahun 2004. Kecerahan, DO, Suhu, kedalaman, salinitas, dan nitrat sedimen merupakan parameter fisika-kimia yang berkorelasi positif atau berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keanekaragaman meiofauna. Adapun parameter lingkungan perairan yang berkorelasi negatif terhadap tingkat keanekaragaman meiofauna di pesisir Losari, diartikan sebagai hubungan yang tidak menguntungkan. Kondisi ini terjadi akibat meiofauna merasa terganggu atas sebaran fosfat sedimen, nitrat air laut, fosfat air laut, dan pH yang tidak memenuhi baku mutu air laut.ABSTRACTThe Coastal zone are susceptible to decreasing water quality due entry of pollutants from anthropogenic activities in the mainland. This study assessed water quality based on meiofauna diversity and physical-chemical parameters in the Losari coast, Makassar. Furthermore, this study was to analyze the physical-chemical parameters effect on the diversity of meiofauna at the seabed. It employed a quantitative approach with purposive sampling technique. Water quality status on the Losari coast categorized as heavily polluted waters, this based on low level of meiofauna species diversity and most of the physical-chemical parameters does not meet the quality standards determined by Indonesian government through Kep. MLH. No. 51 of 2004. Brightness, DO, temperature, depth, salinity, and sediment nitrate are physical-chemical parameters positively correlated or influenced of meiofauna diversity level. The aquatic environmental parameters negatively correlated with meiofauna diversity level in the Losari coast are interpreted as an unfavorable relationship. This condition occurs because the meiofauna feel disturbed by distribution of sedimentary phosphate, seawater nitrate, seawater phosphate, and pH that does not meet seawater quality regulations.

The following article is the result of the author's study (dissertation) which focus the need to tighten the divorce because the marriage is very strong agreement that aims to create a happy home and eternal, sakinah mawaddah and mercy, suppress escalation of divorce while reducing the negative impact on children after divorce her parents. The location of the study authors are in the jurisdiction of PTA Semarang. These results indicate that Semarang PTA in examining divorce case has been applying the principles of tightening divorce, mediation institutions maximize and optimize Hakam institutions to realize the goal of marriage, if successful peace revoked case, if it turns out there is no reason the case is not accepted, if it can not prove the case rejected , If proven, there is reason enough divorce, unsuccessful peace efforts and apply the theory of benefit, as the central idea Maqasid al-Shariah, divorce is granted by refusing mafsadah more important consideration than grabbing maslahah mafsadah refused because it is a benefit in accordance with Maqasid al-Shariah. According to the author that another attempt to tighten a divorce is necessary premarital education provision by the Religious Affairs Office (KUA) presenting the subject matter of the rights and obligations of husband and wife as well as the consequences if left malpractice. In addition, the need for regulations that provide its jurisdiction in a particular case examination and decide divorce cases the reason of domestic violence as well examining the actions of domestic violence so that the subject is no longer a litigant in two of the judiciary, in order to realize the principle is simple, fast and low cost.

Propagasi gelombang radio dapat diartikan sebagai proses perambatan gelombang radio dari pemancar ke penerima. Gelombang ini akan merambat melalui udara bebas menuju antena penerima dan mengalami redaman di sepanjang lintansannya,  redaman perangkat dan saluran transmisi, sehingga ketika sampai di antena penerima, energi sinyal sudah sangat lemah. Line of sight    (LOS) merupakan salah satu jenis propagasi di mana diantara stasiun pengirim dan stasiun penerima  tidak terdapat penghalang. Kendala geografis dan kelengkungan bumi menyebabkan adanya keterbatasan untuk transmisi line of sight, namun masalah ini secara umum dapat dikurangi melalui perencanaan, perhitungan dan penggunaan teknologi tambahan. Dalam perencanaan sistem komunikasi radio, kinerja LOS perlu direncanakan cadangan daya akibat fluktuasi sinyal serta analisis kehandalannya. Sistem radio gelombang mikro digital antar titik yang menggunakan  frekuensi 13 GHz dengan modulasi 16 QAM, bit rate 140 MBps,dan  noise figure 0,7 dB memerlukan daya pancar -4,488 dBm, fading margin sebesar 85,51 dB dan kehandalannya sebesar 99,9999999%.*****Radio wave propagation can be defined as the process of propagation of radio waves from the transmitter to the receiver. These waves will propagate through free air towards the receiver antena with experienced curbs along the tracks, so when it arrive at the receiver antena, the signal energy is very slow. Line of sight (LOS) is one kind of propagation where no obstacles found between the transmitter and the receiver station. Geographical constraints and the curvature of the earth bring limitations to the line of sight transmission, but this problem can generally be reduced through planning, calculation and use of additional technologies. In a radio communication system planning, LOS performance needs to be planned caused by signal fluctuations and reliability. Digital microwave point to point radio systems using 13 GHz of spectrum, 16 QAM of modulation,  140 MBps of bit rate,  0,7 dB of noise figure  requires  -4,488 dBm of transmit power,   85,51 dB of fading margin, and 99.99999999 % of reliability.

This writing describes the role Komite Persiapan Penegakan Syariah Islam (KPPSI) organization for development of civil society in Bugis community of South Sulawesi. The study used interviews as the data collection. Secondary data are collected from books, journals, and documents. This study used Antony Gidden's theory of structure to understand the role of KPPSI organization in developing of Islamic civil society in South Sulawesi. There are some civil society agendas of KPPSI, such as the implementation of Islamic law, Islamic economy, dakwah, and democracy. The basic concept of Islamic law is through state formal legislation. In terms of economic aspect, the intention of the KPPSI is the establishment of Perda (Peraturan Daerah) Act No. 2/2003 in Bulukumba, about compulsory payment for professional zakat, infaq and sadaqah. In regard to dakwah aspect, KPPSI focuses on Islamic structural dakwah that is oriented to get legitimation from local government. Another important aspect is democracy. KPPSI shows that democratization in South Sulawesi is part of Islamic ideology that is always considered as contradict with the concept of democracy. Since the Reformation Era, KPPSI exploits to demand special autonomy for the implementation of Islamic law in South Sulawesi.

Abstract. In this research, an active antenna operated at the second harmonic frequency is investigated, and is implemented using microstrip antenna material. The antenna consists of a FET oscillator which plays as a fundamental frequency oscillator and a frequency multiplier, and a patch antenna resonated at the second harmonic frequency as the radiator. A maximum second-harmonic output power can be extracted when the load impedance of the oscillator is optimized both at the fundamental and at the second harmonic frequencies. A rectangular patch antenna is used to radiate the second harmonic output power from the oscillator. The patch impedance is matched resistively at the second harmonic frequency. The patch antenna is fabricated using Diclad 522 microstrip substrates (relative permitivity  r = 2.5) with a dielectric thickness of 1.57 mm. A GaAs FET AT-8250 transistor is used as an oscillator and a frequency multiplier and acts as the active component. Fundamental frequency is designed at 2,4 GHz band, so that the second harmonic frequency operates at 4,8 GHz band. The frequency is chosen to facilitate and to extend the needs of communications in rural areas using the unlicensed Industrial Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. Operating the communication infrastructures intended for the use at 2.4 GHz band at its second harmonic frequency, is intended to alleviate interference levels at 2.4 GHz.