Results of this systematic review indicate the superiority of IODs retained by two unsplinted mandibular implants when compared to CCDs with regards to efficacy, satisfaction and quality of life.

Immediate loading of a single implant placed in a fresh extraction site in periodontally compromised patients resulted in similar bone gain and soft tissue esthetic outcomes compared to delayed loading. Primary closure and delayed loading to ensure bone regeneration around implants were not critical in this study.

Both the immediate and delayed loading of immediately placed implants showed similar outcome with regards to treatment success rates and stability of radiographic bone level. Submerging an immediately placed implant and primary soft tissue closure did not show significant outcome advantages over the transmucosal approach.

MGCSH mixed with PRP showed greater vital bone volume at 3 months with rapid enhancement of bone healing compared to PRP-free collagen resorbable graft.

Keratinized gingiva (KG) comprises free gingiva and attached gingiva (AG). 1 It extends from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. The free gingiva is the coronal portion of KG and is not attached to tooth surfaces, whereas AG is firm and tightly bound to the underlying periosteum or periodontium. 2 The width of the AG is the distance between the deepest point of the gingival sulcus and the mucogingival junction.AG has historically been regarded as having clinical relevance. 3 Extremes in the width of the AG at the facial site of teeth range from 1 to 9 mm 3 . Maxillae have a broader zone of AG than the mandible. 3 The width of the AG varies among persons and on different teeth in the same person. 4 The minimum width of AG as a standard necessary for maintaining periodontal health and preventing gingival recession has not yet been established. 4 Earlier studies found a correlation between the width of the AG and periodontal health. [1][2][3]5 It has been reported that a minimum of 2 mm of KG with a minimum of 1 mm of AG is necessary for maintaining gingival health. 6 Other controlled clinical studies, however, have found that with excellent oral hygiene practice, the absence of AG tissue is compatible with the maintenance of periodontal health. [7][8][9][10][11] With the advent of dental implants, the structure and function of the mucosa that surrounds them have been extensively examined. 12 As is true for teeth, the necessity of adequate keratinized or