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This paper addresses enhancing green network evolution by femto cell densification in LTE‐Advanced heterogeneous networks (LTE HetNets). Previously, spectral efficiency has been the key performance indicator, but because of increased atmospheric radiations nowadays, energy efficiency maximization has also become the major concern for network providers. A major cause of degradation in spectral efficiency and energy efficiency is intercell interference in co‐channel deployment. The key to improve spectral efficiency and energy efficiency in LTE‐HetNet is intercell interference mitigation. In this paper, we have analyzed LTE‐HetNet from indoor and outdoor perspectives. We have proposed an intelligent fuzzy‐based reduced power time‐domain resource partitioning scheme to mitigate the interference level of victim macro users. The proposed intelligent technique is also helpful to maintain the fairness among femto cell users, which has not been considered in many previous studies. The simulation results have shown that the proposed method improved the overall spectral efficiency and energy efficiency of the system.

In recent years, 5G resilient networks have gained significant attention in the wireless industry. The prime concern of commercial networks is to maximize network capacity to increase their revenue. However, in disaster situations during outages when cell sites are down, instead of capacity, coverage becomes predominant. In this paper, we propose a game theory-based optimal resource allocation scheme, while aiming to maximize the sum rate and coverage probability for the uplink transmissions in disaster situations. The proposed hierarchical game theoretical framework optimizes the uplink performance in multitier heterogeneous network with pico base stations and femto access points overlaid under a macro base station. The test simulations are based on a real-time data set obtained for a predefined amount of time. The data statistics are then manipulated to create practical disaster situations. The solution for the noncooperative game has been obtained by using pure strategy Nash equilibrium. We perform simulations with different failure rates and the results show that the proposed scheme improves the sum rate and outage probability by significant margin with or without disaster scenario.Trans Emerging Tel Tech. 2019;30:e3582.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/ett

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This research is motivated by the writer's interest in politeness in the novel Ranah 3 Warna by A. Fuadi. The purpose of this study is to describe the politeness of language in the novel. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods and types of library research. The data in this study are documentation of the form of compliance, violation of politeness principles, and politeness scale. The source of data in this study is the Ranah 3 Warna by A. Fuadi novel. Data collection techniques by refer to the method of note and note technique. Data analysis with descriptive analysis techniques. Stages in this research include reading and understanding conversations between characters, identifying data on politeness in language, marking conversations between characters, classifying data, and describing politeness data. The results of this study are manifestations of the principle of politeness in language which includes maxim of wisdom, generosity, appreciation, simplicity, consensus, and sympathy. A form of violation of the principle of courtesy of language which includes the maxim of wisdom, generosity, respect, simplicity, consensus, and sympathy. The Leech politeness scale in the novel includes a scale of loss and profit, a scale of choice, a scale of unsustainability, a scale of authority and a scale of social distance.