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In the restructured power systems, renewable energy sources (RES) have been developed. Uncertainties of these generators reduce the reliability and stability of power systems. The frequency and voltage for the correct operation of the power systems must always be maintained within a nominal value. Ancillary services (AS), energy storage systems (ESS), and demand response programs (DRPs) can be effective solutions for mentioned problems. Microgrids (MG) can make an improvement in their profits and efficiency by participating in various markets. This paper provides an optimal scheduling for the simultaneous participation of MGs in coupled active, reactive power and AS markets (regulation, spinning reserve and non-spinning reserve) by considering ESS, DRPs, call for deploying AS, and the uncertainties of wind and solar productions. Capability diagrams; mathematical equations are used to model active and reactive power of generation units. Risk management in this paper is done by the conditional value at risk (CVaR) method and probability distribution functions (PDF) are used for modeling uncertainties of wind speed and solar radiation. The ERCOT (Electric Reliability Council of Texas) market is simulated with real world data.

In recent decades, the use of renewable energy resources (RES) and distributed energy resources (DER) has increased for various reasons (air pollution, government taxes, transmission line losses, etc). The need for ancillary services (AS) / flexibility services has increased due to the uncertainty and intermittency of RES and possible power system stability risks (loss of transmission lines, outage of centralized power plants, etc). AS are operational services provided to the transmission system operator (TSO) to maintain a balance between supply and demand, system security, reliability and flexibility as well as to provide appropriate quality of electrical energy. This paper presents a flexible grid-connected microgrid (MGs) which can increase its profits by simultaneously participating in the energy and AS/flexibility services markets (regulation up and regulation down, spinning reserve and non-spinning reserve) considering different effective variables (uncertainty of energy price, wind speed, solar irradiation and call for deploying AS). In addition, the MG's behaviour with different energy prices is described in the paper.

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