No abstract

The presence of anti-Toxocara antibodies in the sera of school children of Shiraz, southern Iran, was studied by means of an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with excretory/secretory antigen of infective stage larva. A total of 519 individuals of both sexes aged 6-13 years were analysed. The total prevalence was 25.6 per cent. A higher rate of infection was observed in urban (30.15 per cent) than rural (20.2 per cent) residents. Most potential risk factors were not related to Toxocara prevalence and no differences existed between socioeconomic classes except for parental education. Neither age or sex was found to be significantly associated with positive serology.

As the efficacy of PRP is dependent on various factors, the outcome of PRP therapy is variable and unpredictable in orthopedic patients. Therefore, it is still too soon to suggest PRP as the first line treatment option in complicated bone injuries such as LBDs and nonunions. However, combination of PRP with natural and synthetic biomaterials can enhance the effectiveness of PRP.

No abstract

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear is a frequent orthopaedic injury. ACL reconstruction, both in humans and animals, is more developed than in past decades. Many experimental and clinical trial studies have been performed, using various grafts with several different techniques, aiming to improve ACL reconstruction. However, there is still a large gap between the present treatment modalities and the final outcome in patients who have had ACL reconstructive surgery. The autograft bonepatellar tendon-bone complex and hamstring tendon grafts are the gold standard graft types for ACL reconstruction. This review introduces graft options and discusses advantages, disadvantages, and outcomes. Bone tunnel healing, strategies to enhance the bone tunnel healing, and the future of ACL reconstruction also are briefly described.