Background: Contraceptives in family planning are used to control the timings between pregnancies. Although the number of those using family planning has increased, determinants of contraceptive use among married women in Indonesia remain insufficient. This research aimed to identify the factors associated with contraceptive use among married women in Indonesia. Methods: This study employed data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. We selected 35,621 married women aged 15–49 years. Then, the determinants of contraceptive use among married women in Indonesia were examined by binary logistic regression. Results: Women’s age (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR)=0.529; 95% CI=0.470–0.597), the number of living children (AOR=44.024; 95% CI=33.193–58.390), education level (adjusted odds ratio=2.800; 95% CI=2.181–3.594), wealth index (AOR=1.104; 95% CI=0.978–1.246), frequency of watching television (AOR=1.555; 95% CI=1.321–1.829), and frequency of using the Internet (AOR=0.856; 95% CI=0.794–0.924) were significantly associated with contraceptive use among married women. Conclusions: This study highlights the determinants of contraceptive use among married women in Indonesia. Women’s age, the number of living children, education level, wealth index, and access to information may influence contraceptive use among these women. This study emphasizes that health education and promotion on the importance of using contraception should be initiated in innovative ways.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas semen segar sapi Bali pada kelompok umur yang berbeda. Sampel yang digunakan berupa semen segar dari 8 pejantan sapi Bali di Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan (BBIB) Singosari Malang, Jawa Timur, terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok umur yaitu 4 dan 7 tahun. Rata-rata bobot badan sapi pada kelompok umur 4 tahun adalah 656,75±32,69 Kg, dan  lingkar skrotum 27,5±1,64 cm sedangkan pada kelompok umur 7 tahun adalah 615,5±72,59 Kg dan 27,93±0,74 cm. Kualitas semen segar diamati dari 10 kali penampungan menggunakan vagina buatan. Parameter yang diamati meliputi volume (ml), pH, konsentrasi (x106/ml), motilitas (%), persentase spermatozoa hidup (L/D; %), abnormalitas primer (%) dan abnormalitas sekunder (%). Untuk mengetahui perbedaan antar 2 kelompok umur, data kualitas semen dibandingkan menggunakan t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada kelompok umur 4 dan 7 tahun masing-masing diperoleh volume 4,55±0,91 ml dan 5,18±1,58 ml, pH 6,51±0,06 dan 6,52±0,01, konsentrasi 962,30±390,50×106/ml dan 1079,00±90,56×106/ml, L/D 71,88±2,58% dan 72,02±1,35%, motilitas 68±3,11% dan 66,04±6,30%, abnormalitas primer 1,054±0,20% dan 0,93±0,14% serta abnormalitas sekunder 3,54±0,48% dan 4,24±0,31%. Volume dan abnormalitas sekunder secara statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (P<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada kelompok pejantan sapi Bali umur 7 tahun menghasilkan volume semen dan abnormalitas sekunder lebih tinggi dibandingkan umur 4 tahun.Kata kunci: sapi Bali, pengaruh umur, kualitas semen segar

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The 12S rRNA gene is one of unique regions in mitochondrial genome usually used for phylogenetic studies and species identification. The objective of present study was to develop species specific primers from mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene for identification of dog and rat in beef by using multiplex PCR assay. Three primer pairs of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene specific for bovine, dog and rat were designed and selected to evaluate their specificity and fidelity. Moreover, a total of twelve DNA samples extracted from meat tissue were also prepared to test those primers using simplex and multiplex PCR. The PCR products were then visualized using 2% of agarose gel under the UV light and three of them were sequenced. In addition, sequence data were analyzed using Clustal Omega software and BLAST. The result showed that simplex PCR assay successfully amplified DNA targets which are respectively indicated by 155 bp (bovine), 244 bp (dog), and 491 bp (rat) of DNA bands. Furthermore, DNA sample sequences were identically similar to reference sequence used in this study. Multiplex and simplex PCR analyses also indicated that these primer pairs specifically amplified DNA target for each species in the samples containing various species. The results suggested that designed primers in this study could be used to identify dog and rat in raw beef containing these species meat. Further experiment should be conducted using meat-processed products and commercial meat products as samples.

The objective of this study was to detect three non-halal meat products consisted of dog, pork, and rat species in meatball using novel multiplex-PCR with 12S rRNA gene as target sites. A total of 33 self-made meatballs were used, and they were grouped into eleven types of meatball based on meat species origin contained in the meatballs. Each type consisted of three meatballs. Extraction of genomic DNA from the meatballs was used as a DNA template for simplex-, duplex-, and multiplex-PCR processes. The result of simplex-PCR, duplex-PCR, and multiplex-PCR showed that the 12S rRNA primer gene successfully amplified DNA for each species bovine, dog, pig, and rat, which are respectively indicated by 155, 244, 357, and 491 bp of DNA bands. In addition, multiplex-PCR with 12S rRNA gene primers can be uniquely and accurately used for detection bovine, dog, pig, and rat species on beef meatball in one reaction.