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The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of the use of Vermicompost and Vermicompost tea on the growth and yield of broccoli and some soil properties The field experiment was formed In Saqlawiyah sub-district - Anbar–Iraq on 10 October 2019.The experiment lasted approximately three months. In situ analysis and measurements of plant and soil were carried out at the site of the experiment, and also in the laboratories of the Agricultural Research Center, Soil Research Department in Abu Gharib. The treatments consisted of (T1 soil only, T2 DAP chemical fertilization only (according to fertilizer recommendation) 240 kg DAP.ha -1,T3 = 8.ton ha -1 Vermicompost mixed with soil + half the recommendation of 120 kg DAP. ha-1,T4 = 16 tons. ha-1 Vermicompost mixed with soil + 120 kg DAP. ha-1T5 = Vermicompost tea spray on the plant + 120 kg DAP. ha-1 ,T6 = 8 tons. ha-1 Vermicompost mixed with soil + Vermicompost tea sprays on the plant + 120 kg ha-1 DAP.. The plant traits were; plant height (cm), the total number of leaves (leaf. plant -1), the leaf area (dcm2.plant -1), vegetative dry weight (g. plant -1), dry weight of rhizosphere (g.plant-1), the weight of the main flower (gm) which were (52.8, 42.4, 98.6, 190.2, and 865.8), respectively, as well as the percentage of protein%, fat%, N%, P%, and K% that reached (23.37, 2.81, 3.74, 0.79, and 2.93) successively.concluded from this study that the treatment of Vermicompost with Vermicomposting tea combined with half of the fertilizer recommendation enhanced growth and yield of Broccoli plant and some soil properties.

Ergosterol, a component of fungal cell membrane, has been frequently detected as an indicator of fungal presence and mass in environmental samples like soil. However, its detection in major pathogenic fungal species has not been investigated. In this study, the ergosterol contents of ten pathogenic fungal species were determined. Liquid chromatography was used for the detection and quantification of ergosterol extracted from fungal broth cultures. Results showed that ergosterol eluted as a single, well resolved peak in the chromatogram profiles of all tested fungi. Based upon relative amounts of ergosterol produced per fungal mycelial dry weight, three groups of fungal pathogens were identified, namely low ergosterol (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans at 4.62, 6.29 and 7.08 µg/mg, respectively), medium ergosterol (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Cryptococcus gattii and Rhizopus sp. at 9.40, 10.79, 10.82, 11.38, 12.60 and 13.40 µg/mg, respectively), and high ergosterol (Candida tropicalis at 22.84 µg/ mg), producers. Ergosterol was not detectable in bacterial samples, which were included as controls. This first report on ergosterol detection in major pathogenic fungal species indicates that ergosterol may be used as a biomarker to diagnose invasive fungal infections in clinical samples. ABSTRAK Ergosterol, yang merupakan komponen membran sel fungus, seringkali dikesan sebagai petunjuk kehadiran dan jumlah fungus dalam sampel daripada persekitaran. Walau bagaimanapun, pengesanan ergosterol dalam fungus patogen utama belum dikaji. Dalam kajian ini, kandungan ergosterol dalam sepuluh spesies fungus patogen telah ditentukan. Kaedah kromatografi cecair digunakan untuk mengesan kehadiran dan penentuan kuantiti ergosterol yang diekstrak daripada kultur kaldu fungus. Berdasarkan kuantiti relatif ergosterol yang terhasil pada miselia fungus (berat kering), tiga kumpulan dikenal pasti iaitu mengandungi, ergosterol rendah (Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans dan Cryptococcus neoformans pada 4.62, 6.29 dan 7.08 µg/mg masing-masing), ergosterol sederhana (Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor sp., Penicillium sp., Cryptococcus gattii dan Rhizopus sp. pada 9.40, 10.79, 10.82, 11.38, dan ergosterol tinggi (Candida tropicalis pada 22.84 µg/mg). Ergosterol tidak dapat dikesan pada sampel bakteria yang digunakan sebagai kawalan. Laporan pertama pengesanan ergosterol pada fungus patogen utama ini, menunjukkan bahawa ergosterol mungkin boleh digunakan sebagai biomarker untuk pendiagnosan jangkitan fungus invasif dalam sampel klinikal. Kata kunci: HPLC; ergosterol; biomarker; patogenik; fungus JSKM16(2) 3.indd 15