Combination of chloral hydrate-antihistamines can be used as the most effective and safe sedation regimen in drug induced sleep electroencephalography of kids.

Background The 4G5G polymorphism of Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene is reported to be associated with diabetes nephropathy and retinopathy (DNR) risk. However, the findings are conflicting. Herein, we conducted a case-control and meta-analysis study to explore the association of PAI-1 4G5G polymorphism with risk of DNR. Methods We retrieved PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Knowledge, and CNKI databases and screened eligible studies up to August 15, 2020. The strength of associations was assessed by odd ratio (OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI).Results A total of 27 case-control studies including 16 studies with 1,825 cases case and 1,731 controls on DN and eleven studies with 1,397 cases and 1,545 controls on DR were selected. Pooled data showed that the PAI-1 4G5G polymorphism was significantly associated with DN

Although studies support a positive correlation between temperature and stone risk, the precise relationship between these factors has not been elucidated. We modeled the current distribution of urolithiasis prevalence in Iran using 26 bioclimatic, climatic and topographic variables based on two multivariate linear regression models in geographical information system. The impact of climate change on the stone prevalence was predicted under the projections of GFDL-ESM2G, CCSM4 and HadGEM2-ES climate models by mid-century (2050). Extraterrestrial radiation and isothermality in the first regression model and annual mean temperature, precipitation seasonality and isothermality in the second model were the significant (P<0.01) predictors of urolithiasis prevalence. Both regression models provided good estimates of the stone prevalence (R2>0.9) and determined a mean urolithiasis prevalence of 6% (range of 1.5-10.8%) in Iran. The climate change under the projections of GFDL-ESM2G, CCSM4 and HadGEM2-ES models can, respectively, lead to an average increase of 5.7, 4.3 and 9% in the urolithiasis prevalence based on the second regression model by 2050. The highest increase of the prevalence will occur in the west, northwest and southwest provinces of the country. Predicting the impact of climate change on climate-related diseases can be useful for effective preventive measures.

No abstract

Multiple screening dipstick urinalysis in asymptomatic pediatric is costly and should be discontinued. We propose that a single screening dipstick urinalysis be obtained at school entry age, between 6 and 7 years, in all asymptomatic children.